Ziziphi iingongoma eziphambili zokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sentsimbi ye-span enkulu kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ngokuyila okunengqiqo?

Iindawo ezininzi zokugcina izakhiwo zentsimbi kunye nesakhiwo sentsimbi iiholo zemiboniso zisebenzisa izakhiwo zentsimbi ezinde, i-span enkulu, isakhiwo esikhulu sisebenza ngokuzimeleyo, ukwenzela ukunciphisa i-deadweight yesakhiwo, idla ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo sentsimbi njengesona sakhiwo siphambili. . Ngokweengxaki ezifunyenwe kulwakhiwo oludlulileyo, sishwankathelwa ikakhulu kwiindidi ezi-3.

1. Uyilo kunye nemiba yokuphucula

Uyilo lokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sentsimbi enkulu kufuneka luphuculwe ngaphambi kokwakhiwa, ngakumbi ekubaleni nasekuhlalutyeni. Amasebe amaninzi eeprojekthi akakwazi ukubala, ukubala, okukhokelela kumgangatho ophantsi wokwakha okanye iindleko eziphezulu zeprojekthi. Ngoko ke zeziphi iindawo ezifanele zijongwe ekubaleni nasekuhlalutyeni?

① uyilo lwegraphic

Okokuqala, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kumsebenzi wentsebenziswano we-superstructure kunye ne-substructure, kwaye umphumo we-multidirectional action seismic kufuneka uthathelwe ingqalelo. Eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokuqwalasela umsebenzi wentsebenziswano we-superstructure kunye ne-substructure kukubala umphumo we-seismic ngokwemodeli yesakhiwo ngokubanzi. Ukwenziwa lula kwecandelwana kufuneka kusekelwe kwimigaqo ethembekileyo neguqukayo, oko kukuthi, ukusebenza kokuqina kunye nokulingana kobunzima kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo.

Isoftware isetyenziselwa ukwenza imodeli yoyilo kunye nokwenza ukubala kunye nohlalutyo. Ngokukodwa, imodeli yokubala kufuneka iqiniswe ngokwengqiqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukudibanisa kunye nesakhiwo sophahla kunye nezinye izakhiwo kunye neendawo eziphambili ezixhasayo zihambelana. Ukongezelela, uhlalutyo lwamandla kufuneka luqwalaselwe. Uhlalutyo lokubala, ngaphezu kokulinganisa ukwakheka kokubumba ngokubanzi kwimeko yamandla, kodwa kwakhona kuthathelwe ingqalelo inkqubo yokwakhiwa kwemeko ekhethekileyo yamandla, ukuphepha isakhiwo ngaphambi kokubumba ngenxa yamandla asekuhlaleni adlula ixabiso loyilo kunye nomonakalo. Kubalwa kunye nokulinganisa inkqubo yokwakha, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuphakanyiswa kwamacandelo, iimeko zokusebenza zezigaba ezahlukeneyo zokwakha, iteknoloji ye-pre-deformation ye-structural, i-pre-assembly kunye nokulayishwa kwamacandelo.

②ulungiselelo lwesakhiwo

Ukulungelelaniswa kwesakhiwo kufuneka kugweme ukubunjwa kwamalungu abuthathaka ngenxa yobuthathaka bendawo okanye utshintsho olukhawulezayo, okubangelwa ukuxininisa ngokugqithiseleyo kwamandla angaphakathi kunye nokuguqulwa. Kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okuphucula amandla enyikima kwiindawo ezinokuthi zibe buthathaka. Ngoko ke, kulungiselelo lwesakhiwo, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukusabalalisa ubunzima kunye nokuqina kulungelelaniswa kwaye ukunyaniseka kwesakhiwo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla kucacile.

Impembelelo ye-seismic yophahla kufuneka idluliselwe ngokufanelekileyo phantsi ngenkxaso; ugweme ukuxinwa kwamandla angaphakathi okanye impembelelo enkulu yokutshatyalaliswa kwephahla, ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukulungiswa kwephahla, inkxaso kunye ne-substructure kufuneka ibe yinto efanayo kunye ne-symmetrical; qinisekisa ukunyaniseka kolwakhiwo lwephahla, ngoko ke inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwendawo kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokukhethekileyo ukuphepha ubuthathaka bendawo okanye utshintsho olukhawulezayo lwamacandelo abuthathaka; Kukhethwa ukuba kusetyenziswe inkqubo yokuphahla ekhaphukhaphu, ngoko ke ubunzima beyunithi yenkqubo yokuphahla kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo.

2,Ukwakhiwa kunye nofakelo

Ubunzima bezakhiwo ze-span enkulu kunye nokuhlukahluka kweendlela zokwakha kugqiba ukuba inkqubo yoyilo kufuneka idibaniswe nokuqwalaselwa kwemiba yokwakha. Oku kwakhona inkqubo yoyilo idla ngokungahoywa okanye engaphelelanga ingqalelo indawo. Ulwakhiwo ikakhulu lubandakanya ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokufakela.

Amacandelo esakhiwo kunye neteknoloji yokuvelisa i-node

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-span enkulu, isithuba esintsonkothileyo imilo yesakhiwo sentsimbi yezakhiwo zifuna uxinzelelo olunzima lwendawo, ukuveliswa kwamacandelo entsimbi anzima, ke ngoko, ekwakhiweni kweeprojekthi ezintsonkothileyo kufuneka kuqwalaselwe amacandelo olwakhiwo kunye neenodi ezibunjiweyo kufuneka ziveliswe ukuhlangabezana neemeko zoxinzelelo. , ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lweprojekthi.

①Itekhnoloji yolwakhiwo lwesiliphu esidibeneyo

Ingxaki ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sentsimbi enkulu-span ukuzinza kwesakhiwo ngaphambi kokwenza indawo yonke. Ingxaki ingasonjululwa ngcono ngokutyibiliza iteknoloji yokwakha ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokutsala ezinokulawula ungqamaniso ukuhambisa isakhiwo esahlulwe saba zizinzisi eziliqela ngokuthe tye ukuya kwindawo eyilelweyo ecaleni kwendlela ethile ukusuka kwindawo edibeneyo. Kodwa ekusebenziseni iimfuno zayo kwisakhiwo sobunzima obungaphandle kwendiza, imfuneko yokubeka amathrekhi, i-multi-point traction i-synchronization yokulawula iimpawu ezinzima.

②Itekhnoloji yokwakha ephakamisayo

Itekhnoloji ngokusebenzisa i-hydraulic jack njengesixhobo samandla, ngokweemfuno zamandla okuphakamisa indawo nganye yokusebenza, inani leejekhi zehydraulic kunye neevalvu zehydraulic, izikhululo zokumpompa kunye nezinye iindibaniselwano zamaqela e-hydraulic jack, kunye nentshukumo ehambelanayo phantsi kolawulo lwekhompyuter, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukunyusa okanye ukutshintshwa kwenkqubo yesakhiwo esikhulu sesimo sengqondo somthwalo olula, olinganiselayo.

②Ubuchwephesha bokwakha indibano engaxhaswanga

Iyunithi yokwandiswa kwebhloko ephezulu engaxhaswanga iteknoloji yendibano, umgaqo wokwakha ngulo: inkqubo yolwakhiwo lwamacandelo afanelekileyo, khetha ukulandelelana kokunyuswa, ukwenzela ukuba inkqubo yokwakha ayifuni ukuseta iqonga lokuxhasa, ukusetyenziswa kokuqina kwesakhiwo. ukwenza iyunithi ezinzileyo, ngokunyuka okuqhubekayo kweyunithi yokudibanisa ukufakela, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukubunjwa kwesakhiwo sonke.

3, Ulawulo lwemilinganiselo yomgangatho, inkqubo yokwakha, kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo le miba ilandelayo

① Ukunyusa ulawulo oluchanekileyo

Isakhiwo sentsimbi yendawo eyinkimbinkimbi kufuneka ilinganiswe kwaye ilawulwe xa ifakwe, ngenxa yokulinganisa kunye nokulawula ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sentsimbi njengenxalenye yeteknoloji yokwakha, ukufaneleka kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwenkqubo yokwakhiwa kobunjineli kuhlalutywa kwisixa esikhulu sokulinganisa kunye nokulawula. ulwazi lwedatha, kwaye iziphumo ziphendulwa kwaye ziqinisekisiwe. Kwisakhiwo esikhulu sentsimbi, ngenxa yokuguqulwa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwemeko yesakhiwo kwinkqubo yokwakha, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwesakhiwo kunye nokubumba, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa zonke iintlobo zezakhelo zenkxaso ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwesakhiwo. isakhiwo.

②Ulawulo lokuqhaqha

Njengoko isakhiwo sensimbi esine-span enkulu sineempawu zokukhulula iitoni ezinkulu, ukusabalalisa ngokubanzi kwamanqaku okukhupha, amandla amakhulu okuthuthwa kwindawo enye, umsebenzi omkhulu wokubala kunye nohlalutyo, njl. ukonakalisa isakhiwo okanye wenze i-scaffolding ingazinzi inyathelo ngenyathelo. Ngoko ke, xa ukhulula isakhiwo sensimbi, kuyimfuneko ukuthatha inkqubo yokuguqulwa kwenkqubo njengomgaqo, ukubalwa kwesakhiwo kunye nohlalutyo njengesiseko, ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo njengenjongo, ukulungelelaniswa kwe-deformation njengeyona nto ingundoqo, ukubeka iliso ngexesha langempela njengesiqinisekiso, kunye sebenza ngokungqongqo ngokweemfuno zeendlela ezimbini zokothula iindlela ze-isometric kunye ne-equidistant method.

③ Inkqubo yokuphakamisa

Xa uphakamisa imiqadi yentsimbi ye-span enkulu, ukuba ukubalwa okufanelekileyo kwamanqaku okuphakamisa akwenziwanga, kwaye ukunyuswa kwamanqaku amabini okuqhelekileyo kusakhethwa, ngenxa yesakhiwo sentsimbi ende, isithuba esikhulu seendawo zokunyusa, kunye nezinto ezifana nokuzi-self-. ubunzima kunye nomthwalo oguquguqukayo, imiqadi yentsimbi kunye neentambo ziphantsi komthamo omkhulu we-axial force, kwaye kulula ukuvela ukugoba okusecaleni kweentsimbi zentsimbi, kwaye kwenzeka ukuguqulwa okukhulu ngakumbi.

Indawo yokwakha yesakhiwo esikhulu sentsimbi kufuneka iqinise ulawulo kunye nokwandisa uqeqesho lolwazi lwezoshishino lwabasebenzi, ukwenzela ukuba babe nokuqonda okucacileyo kweempawu zamandla amacandelo kunye nolwazi lokuphakamisa. Ngexesha elifanayo, uyilo lombutho wokwakha kufuneka luqiniswe ukwenza iingxabano ezifanelekileyo kwiskimu sokuphakamisa, ukwenzela ukuba ukhethe iskimu esifanelekileyo sokuphakamisa.

④ukunyuswa kolandelelwano

Njengoko isakhiwo esikhulu sentsimbi sidinga umyalelo wofakelo ophezulu, ukuba umyalelo wofakelo awuqwalaselwanga ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye izixhobo zetsimbi azihlangabezani neemfuno zokunyuswa, kunokuchaphazela ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo. Xa uqulunqa umbutho wokwakha, ulandelelwano lofakelo lufanele lulungiswe ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokulungiswa kwefektri, ukuthuthwa kwecandelo kunye nokufakwa kwendawo kufuneka kuququzelelwe ngendlela edibeneyo, kwaye iphunyezwe ngokungqongqo kwinkqubo yokwakha. Ukongeza kokuqulunqa ngononophelo ulandelelwano lofakelo olufanelekileyo kwiprojekthi, kufuneka kwakhona ukhethe iqela lokwakha elinamava lofakelo, ukuphepha iingozi ezisemgangathweni.

Isakhiwo esikhulu sentsimbi sisetyenziselwa ngakumbi kwiiprojekthi ezithile, kwaye kwiingxaki kwinkqubo yokwakha, ukulungiswa koyilo lwentlangano yokwakha kufuneka kuqiniswe, ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho obomvu kufuneka uqiniswe, kwaye iteknoloji yokwakha kufuneka iphuculwe. ngokuqhubekayo.