Ulwakhiwo lweNsimbi yesiKhululo sikaloliwe

isikhululo sikaloliwe isakhiwo intsimbi

I-EIHE STEEL STRUCTURE ngumvelisi wesakhiwo sentsimbi yesikhululo sikaloliwe kunye nomthengisi e-China. Siye sikhethekileyo kwisakhiwo sensimbi yesitimela iminyaka engama-20. Isakhiwo sensimbi yesitishi sikaloliwe ngokuqhelekileyo sibhekisela kwisakhelo sesakhiwo sesikhululo okanye iqonga elakhiwe ngokuyinhloko ngentsimbi. Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ekwakhiweni kwesikhululo sikaloliwe kuyathandwa ngenxa yamandla kunye nokuqina, kunye nokukwazi ukuxhasa iindawo ezinkulu kunye nemithwalo enzima. Ukongezelela, izakhiwo zetsimbi zihlala zikhaphukhaphu kunezinye izinto zokwakha, ezinokunciphisa ixesha lokwakha kunye neendleko.

Eminye imizekelo yezikhululo zikaloliwe ezinezakhiwo zentsimbi eziqaphelekayo ziquka iSikhululo esiPhakathi seGrand kwisiXeko saseNew York, isikhululo sikaloliwe iKing's Cross eLondon, kunye nesikhululo saseGare de Lyon-Saint-Exupéry eFransi. Intsimbi ikwasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kulwakhiwo lwamaqonga kaloliwe, iibhulorho, kunye neetonela

yintoni isakhiwo sentsimbi kwisikhululo sikaloliwe?

Isakhiwo sentsimbi yesitishi sikaloliwe sibhekisa ekusetyenzisweni kwentsimbi njengeyona nto iphambili kulwakhiwo lwezikhululo zikaloliwe. Olu hlobo lolwakhiwo lubonelela ngezinto ezininzi ezintle ezinje ngamandla, ukuqina, kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola, nto leyo eyenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwizikhululo zikaloliwe ezifuna ukumelana nemithwalo enzima kunye nemingeni yokusingqongileyo.

Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi yesikhululo sikaloliwe ngokuqhelekileyo lubandakanya isakhelo esiphambili, uphahla, kunye nokugquma. Isakhelo esiphambili siqulethe iintsika zetsimbi kunye nemiqadi exhasa isakhiwo sonke. La malungu ensimbi aklanyelwe ukujamelana namandla e-seismic, imithwalo yomoya, kunye nezinye iingozi zendalo, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kwesitishi.

Uphahla lwesakhiwo sentsimbi yesikhululo sikaloliwe luhlala luyilwe ukuba lusebenze kwaye luthandeke. Isenokuba neemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye noyilo, ngokuxhomekeke kwisitayile soyilo kunye neemfuno zesitishi. Uphahla luxhaswa ngeentsimbi zetsimbi okanye ii-arches ezihambisa ubunzima ngokulinganayo kwisakhiwo.

Ukugquma kwesakhiwo sentsimbi yesikhululo sikaloliwe kubhekiselele kwizinto zangaphandle ezisetyenziselwa ukugubungela nokukhusela iindonga kunye nophahla. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zokugquma zibandakanya amashiti esinyithi, iipaneli ezigqunyiweyo, kunye neglasi. Ezi zinto zikhethwa ngenxa yokuqina kwazo, ukumelana nemozulu, kunye nokulula ukugcinwa.

Ukongeza kwizinto eziphambili zesakhiwo, isakhiwo sentsimbi yesikhululo sikaloliwe sinokubandakanya iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezincedisayo ezifana nezitebhisi, izinyusi kunye namaqonga. Ezi nkqubo zihlanganiswe kwisakhiwo sensimbi ukubonelela ukufikelela ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokujikeleza ngaphakathi kwesitishi.

Uyilo kunye nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sentsimbi yesikhululo sikaloliwe kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngenyameko kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo, ukuxhathisa kwenyikima, ukuqina, kunye nobuhle. Ikwabandakanya ulungelelwaniso lwezifundo zobunjineli ezahlukeneyo ezifana nobunjineli bolwakhiwo, ulwakhiwo, nobunjineli boomatshini ukuqinisekisa ukugqitywa ngempumelelo kweprojekthi.

Isishwankathelo, isakhiwo sentsimbi yesikhululo sikaloliwe lukhetho oluqinileyo noluhlala luhleli kulwakhiwo lwezikhululo zikaloliwe. Inika amandla abalaseleyo, ukuchasa ukubola, kunye nokuguquguquka kuyilo, okwenza ukuba ilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo.

uhlobo lwesakhiwo sentsimbi yesikhululo sikaloliwe

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezakhiwo zentsimbi zesikhululo sikaloliwe ezisetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezikhululo zikaloliwe. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya:

Izakhiwo zefreyimu yePortal: Ezi zifreyimu zetsimbi ezibandakanya iikholomu kunye nemiqadi, eyenziwa ngokubanzi ngamacandelo a-I. Iifreyimu zePortal ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizakhiwo ezibanzi kunye nezakhiwo, ezinje ngamaqonga ezikhululo zikaloliwe kunye neeholo zesikhululo.

Izakhiwo zetrasi: I-truss sisikhokelo esenziwe ngoonxantathu abadibeneyo. Izakhiwo zentsimbi yentsimbi zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekwakhiweni kophahla lwesikhululo sikaloliwe kunye neebhulorho.

Izakhiwo ze-Arch: Izakhiwo ze-Arch zenziwe ngeepali ezigobileyo ezixhasa uphahla okanye isilingi. Izakhiwo ze-arch zensimbi ziqhele ukusetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kweendawo zokungena kwisikhululo sikaloliwe, kunye noyilo lweenkqubo zophahla lwesikhululo sikaloliwe.

Izakhiwo ezixhaswe ngekhebula: Ezi zizakhiwo apho iintambo zisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa uphahla okanye isakhiwo. Izakhiwo ezixhaswe ngeentambo zentsimbi zidla ngokusetyenziswa kwiikhenopi zesikhululo sikaloliwe, ngokunjalo nakuyilo lweebhulorho zabahambi ngeenyawo.

Izakhelo zesakhelo sesithuba: Ezi zizikhokelo ezinemigangatho emithathu ezenziwe ngezinto ezidityanisiweyo zesakhiwo. Izakhiwo zesakhelo sendawo ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zophahla lwesikhululo sikaloliwe, kunye nokwakhiwa kweeholo zesikhululo kunye neeatriums.

iinkcukacha zesakhiwo sentsimbi yesikhululo sikaloliwe

Uyilo kunye neenkcukacha zezakhiwo zetsimbi zesitimela zinokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno kunye neemfuno zesikhululo ngasinye. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amacandelo amaninzi abalulekileyo kunye neempawu ezibandakanyiweyo kuyilo lwezakhiwo zentsimbi zesikhululo sikaloliwe.

Imiqadi: Imiqadi yentsimbi isetyenziselwa ukuxhasa ubunzima bophahla, iqonga, okanye nayiphi na enye inxalenye ethwele umthwalo wesakhiwo. Zinokuthi zithe tye okanye zigobe, kuxhomekeke kuyilo oluthile.

Iikholamu: Iikholamu zentsimbi zisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa ubunzima obuthe nkqo besakhiwo okanye isakhiwo. Iikholamu zinokubekwa ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo ukunika inkxaso, okanye zinokucwangciswa ngokweepateni ezithile ngenjongo yobuhle okanye ukuyila.

Iitrasi: Iitrasi zentsimbi zisetyenziselwa ukuhamba umgama omkhulu kunye nokuxhasa ubunzima bophahla okanye isilingi. Ziquka uchungechunge lweenxantathu ezidibeneyo, ezibonelela ngamandla kunye nokuzinza.

Uqhagamshelo: Ukudityaniswa kwentsimbi kusetyenziselwa ukudibanisa amacandelo ahlukeneyo esakhiwo kunye, njengemiqadi kunye neentsika. Uhlobo loxhulumaniso olusetyenzisiweyo luya kuxhomekeka kwimithwalo kunye nemikhosi eya kufuneka ukuba isakhiwo simelane nayo.

I-Cladding: Intsimbi yentsimbi isetyenziselwa ukugquma umphandle wesakhiwo, ukubonelela ngokhuseleko kwizinto kunye nokunika isakhiwo inkangeleko ebukekayo. I-cladding ingenziwa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, ezifana neepaneli zentsimbi, iglasi, okanye ilitye.

Ngokubanzi, izakhiwo zentsimbi zesikhululo sikaloliwe ziyilelwe ukuba zomelele, zomelele, kwaye zisebenze kakuhle, ngelixa zikwabonelela ngendawo enomtsalane nesebenzayo kubakhweli kunye neendwendwe.

inzuzo yesakhiwo sentsimbi yesikhululo sikaloliwe

Izakhiwo zentsimbi yesitishi sikaloliwe zineenzuzo ezininzi ngaphezu kwezinye izinto zokwakha, kuquka:

Ukomelela kunye noKuhlala ixesha elide: Intsimbi yinto eyomeleleyo kwaye ihlala ixesha elide enokumelana neemeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo, iimpembelelo kunye nemithwalo. Oku kuyenza ilungele ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zesikhululo sikaloliwe kunye nezakhiwo ezifuna ukuhlala ixesha elide.

Ixabiso-Ngempumelelo: Izakhiwo zentsimbi zixabisa kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto. Bafuna imathiriyeli encinci, umsebenzi, kunye nexesha lokwakha, nto leyo enokunceda ukunciphisa iindleko zeprojekthi iyonke.

Isantya soKwakha: Izakhiwo zentsimbi zinokuthi zenziwe ngaphambili, kwaye emva koko zihlanganiswe ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yokwakha. Le nkqubo inokugcina ixesha kwaye ikhawulezise inkqubo yokwakha.

Ukuguquguquka kunye noKhetho loYilo: Izakhiwo zetsimbi ziguquguquka kakhulu kwaye zinokulungiswa ngokulula ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zoyilo. Zisenokutshintshwa okanye zandiswe kamva, ukuba ziyafuneka.

Izinzile kwaye inokuphinda isetyenziswe: Intsimbi yimathiriyeli egcineke kakhulu, kwaye inokuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona kwaye iphinde isetyenziswe amatyeli amaninzi ngaphandle kokuphulukana nentembeko yesakhiwo. Oku kwenza ukuba izakhiwo zentsimbi zibe yindlela yokusingqongileyo yokwakhiwa kwesikhululo sikaloliwe.

Ngokubanzi, izakhiwo zetsimbi zesikhululo sikaloliwe zibonelela ngeendleko-esebenzayo, ezomeleleyo, ezomeleleyo, kunye nesisombululo esizinzileyo sokwakha iziseko zesikhululo sikaloliwe.