Iziseko ezisibhozo zoKwakha isakhelo sentsimbi

I. Iimpawu zeisakhiwo sentsimbi

1. Ubunzima bokuzimela besakhiwo sensimbi bulula

2. Ukuthembeka okuphezulu komsebenzi wesakhiwo sensimbi

3. Ukungcangcazela kakuhle (ukutshatyalaliswa) ukuchasana kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwempembelelo yentsimbi.

4. Iqondo eliphezulu loshishino lokwenziwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi.

5. Isakhiwo sensimbi sinokuhlanganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza.

6. Kulula ukwenza isakhiwo esitywiniweyo.

7. Ulwakhiwo lwensimbi lulula ukugqwala.

8. Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi lunokumelana nomlilo okungalunganga.

II. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe isakhiwo sentsimbi ibakala kunye nokusebenza eTshayina:

1. Intsimbi yesakhiwo seCarbon: Q195, Q215, Q235, Q255, Q275, njl.

2. I-alloy ephantsi yamandla aphezulu ensimbi yesakhiwo.

3. Umgangatho we-carbon structural steel kunye ne-alloy structural steel.

4. Intsimbi ekhethekileyo.

III. Umgaqo wokukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwisakhiwo sensimbi

 Umgaqo wokukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo zesakhiwo sensimbi kukuqinisekisa ukuthwala umthamo wesakhiwo esithwala umthwalo kunye nokuthintela umonakalo onqabileyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ngokokubaluleka kwesakhiwo, iimpawu zomthwalo, ifom yesakhiwo, imeko yoxinzelelo, iindlela zokudibanisa, ubukhulu bentsimbi kunye indawo yokusebenza, kunye nezinye izinto ezijongwa ngokubanzi.

IV. Umxholo wobugcisa wesakhiwo esiphambili sensimbi

 (1) Iteknoloji yesakhiwo sentsimbi ephezulu. Ngokobude besakhiwo kunye neemfuno zokuyila, isakhelo, ukuxhaswa kwesakhelo, isilinda kunye nesakhiwo sesakhelo esikhulu samkelwe ngokulandelanayo, kwaye amacandelo ayo angenziwa ngetsimbi, ikhonkrithi eyomeleleyo eqinisiweyo okanye ikhonkrithi yombhobho wensimbi. Amacandelo ensimbi alula kunye ne-ductile, kunye nentsimbi edibeneyo okanye i-rolled steel ingasetyenziswa, efanelekileyo kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo eziphezulu; amacandelo ekhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo anamandla amakhulu kunye nokumelana nomlilo okulungileyo, okufanelekileyo kwizakhiwo eziphakathi kunye neziphakamileyo okanye izakhiwo ezisezantsi; Ikhonkrithi yombhobho wensimbi kulula ukuyakha kwaye isetyenziselwa kuphela izakhiwo zekholomu.

(2) Iteknoloji yesakhiwo sentsimbi yendawo. Isakhiwo sentsimbi yesikhala sinobunzima bokuzimela, ubunzima obukhulu, imodeli enhle kunye nesantya sokwakha ngokukhawuleza. I-ball node flat plate plate frame frame, multi-layer variable cross-section net frame kunye neqokobhe lomnatha ngombhobho wentsimbi njengelungu lentonga likhulu lendawo yesakhiwo sentsimbi eChina. Ineenzuzo zokuqina kwendawo enkulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ephantsi ekuyilweni, ukwakhiwa kunye neenkqubo zokuhlola, kwaye inokubonelela ngeCAD epheleleyo. ukongeza kulwakhiwo lwesakhelo somnatha, isakhiwo sesithuba sikwanalo nesakhiwo sentambo yokunqunyanyiswa kwe-span enkulu, isakhiwo se-membrane yentambo njalo njalo.

(3) Itekhnoloji yesakhiwo sentsimbi ekhanyayo. Ikhatshwa yintsimbi enombala okhanyayo eyenziwe ngodonga kunye nesakhiwo sokuvala uphahla esakhiwe ngeefom ezintsha zesakhiwo. Ngokungaphezulu kwe-5mm ipleyiti yentsimbi edityanisiweyo okanye eqengqelekisiweyo enkulu enqamlezileyo yodonga olubhityileyo lwemiqadi ye-H-beam kunye ne-purlins yophahla, intsimbi engqukuva ibe yinkqubo yenkxaso ebhetyebhetye kunye neebholithi eziphakamileyo ezidityaniswe nenkqubo yesakhiwo sentsimbi ekhaphukhaphu, isithuba sekholamu singakwazi. ukusuka kwi-6m ukuya kwi-9m, i-span ingafikelela kuma-30m okanye ngaphezulu, umphakamo ungafikelela kwiimitha ezingaphezulu kweshumi elinesibini kwaye unokusetwa ukuya kubunzima obuxhonywe ngesine. Ubungakanani bentsimbi 20 ~ 30kg / m2. Ngoku kukho iinkqubo zokuyila ezisemgangathweni kunye namashishini akhethekileyo okuvelisa, umgangatho wemveliso, ukufakwa ngokukhawuleza, ubunzima bokukhanya, utyalo-mali oluncinci, ukwakhiwa akukhawulelwanga ngexesha lonyaka, elifanelekileyo kwizakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso.

(4) i-steel kunye ne-concrete iteknoloji yesakhiwo esidibeneyo. Ulawulo lwensimbi okanye intsimbi kunye namacandelo ekhonkrithi aqulunqwe yimiqadi, iikholomu, isakhiwo esithwala imithwalo yesakhiwo esidibeneyo sensimbi, ububanzi besicelo buye banda kwiminyaka yamuva. Isakhiwo esidibeneyo zombini intsimbi kunye nekhonkrithi zombini iingenelo, amandla onke, ukuqina okulungileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-seismic, xa ukusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo sekhonkrithi yangaphandle, umlilo olungileyo ngakumbi kunye nokumelana nokubola. Amacandelo ezakhiwo ezidibeneyo zinokunciphisa ngokubanzi inani lentsimbi ye-15-20%. Ukudityaniswa komgangatho wokugquma kunye namacandelo ekhonkrithi yombhobho wentsimbi, kodwa kwakhona kuneenzuzo zokungunda kwenkxaso encinci okanye akukho ngundo lwenkxaso, ulwakhiwo lufanelekile kwaye lukhawuleza, ukukhuthaza amandla amakhulu. Efanelekileyo kwizakhiwo ezininzi okanye izakhiwo eziphakamileyo ezinomthwalo omkhulu weeplanga zefreyimu, iikholomu kunye nezikhuselo, izakhiwo zoshishino, iikholomu kunye nezimbozo, njl.

(5) Ukudibanisa i-bolt ephezulu kunye neteknoloji ye-welding. Ibholithi yokuqina okuphezulu kukukhuhlana ukuhambisa uxinzelelo, ngebholiti, i-nati kunye newasha iindawo ezintathu. Ngoncedo lolwakhiwo olulula, ukudilizwa okuguquguqukayo, amandla aphezulu okuthwala, ukusebenza kakuhle kokudinwa kunye nokuzitshixa, ukhuseleko oluphezulu, njl.njl., uqhagamshelo lwebholithi ephezulu luthathe indawo ye-riveting kunye ne-welding kwiprojekthi, kwaye ibe yeyona nto iphambili. iindlela zokudibanisa ekwenziweni kunye nokufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi. Kwizixhobo zentsimbi ezenziwe kwindawo yokusebenzela, ukuwelda okuzenzekelayo kwe-arc okuzenzekelayo kufuneka kwamkelwe kwiipleyiti ezishinyeneyo, kwaye ubuchule obunje nge-fused spout electroslag welding kufuneka yamkelwe kwizahlulo zekholamu ezimilise ibhokisi. Itekhnoloji ye-welding ye-semi-automatic kunye ne-gas-shielded flux-coreed wire kunye ne-self-protection flux-coreed teknoloji yocingo iya kwamkelwa kulwakhiwo lofakelo kwisiza.

(6) Iteknoloji yokukhusela isakhiwo sentsimbi. Ukukhuselwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi kubandakanya ukukhuselwa komlilo, i-anticorrosion kunye ne-antirust, eyamkelwa ngokubanzi emva kokunyangwa kokutyalwa komlilo ngaphandle konyango lwe-antirust, kodwa unyango lwe-anticorrosion lusafuneka kwizakhiwo ezineegesi ezitshabalalisayo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeengubo zasekhaya ezingenamlilo, ezifana nochungechunge lwe-TN, i-MC-10, njl. Phakathi kwazo, i-MC-10 i-fireproof coatings inepeyinti ye-alkyd magnetic, ipeyinti yerabha eklorini, ipeyinti yerabha ye-fluorine kunye nepeyinti ye-chlorosulphonated. Ekwakhiweni, iingubo ezifanelekileyo kunye nobukhulu bokutya kufuneka kukhethwe ngokohlobo lwesakhiwo sensimbi, iimfuno zomgangatho wokumelana nomlilo kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo.

V. Iinjongo kunye neMilinganiselo yeZakhiwo zeNsimbi

 Ubunjineli besakhiwo sentsimbi bubandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwemiba kunye nobunzima bobugcisa, kwaye kufuneka bulandele imigangatho yelizwe kunye neshishini kunye nemimiselo ekukhuthazeni nasekusetyenzisweni kwayo. Amasebe olawulo lolwakhiwo lwengingqi kufuneka anikele ingqalelo kulwakhiwo lwesigaba esikhethekileyo sobunjineli besakhiwo sentsimbi, aququzelele uqeqesho lweqela lokuhlola umgangatho, kwaye ashwankathele umsebenzi wokusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha ngexesha. Iikholeji kunye neeyunivesithi, amasebe oyilo kunye namashishini okwakha kufuneka akhawulezise ukulinywa kweenjineli zesakhiwo sentsimbi kunye neengcali, kunye nokukhuthaza iteknoloji evuthiweyo yesakhiwo sensimbi yeCAD. amaqela ezemfundo mass kufuneka basebenzisane nophuhliso lobugcisa ubume bentsimbi, ukwenza ngokubanzi utshintshiselwano lwezifundo zasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kunye nemisebenzi yoqeqesho, kwaye ngenkuthalo wabeka inqanaba lilonke loyilo lwesakhiwo intsimbi, ulwakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo kunye nofakelo iteknoloji kwixesha elizayo, nto leyo enokuba wawongwa ngokuphucuka kwawo.

VI. Ukudibanisa kwezakhiwo zetsimbi

 (A) Ukudibanisa umthungo we-Welding

Uxhulumaniso weld ngobushushu obuveliswa arc ukuze intonga welding kunye ukunyibilika weldment yendawo, ukupholisa condensation ibe weld, ukuze weldment idityaniswe ibe enye.

Izibonelelo: ayenzi buthathaka i-cross-section yelungu, ukugcina isinyithi, isakhiwo esilula, kulula ukwenza, ukuqina koxhulumaniso, ukusebenza kakuhle kokutywinwa, kulula ukuyisebenzisa phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokuzenzekelayo, ukuveliswa kwemveliso ephezulu.

Ukungalungi: i-weld kufuphi nentsimbi ngenxa ye-welding isiphumo sobushushu obuphezulu bokubunjwa kwendawo echaphazelekayo ubushushu inokuba ezinye iindawo zezinto eziphathekayo ziba brittle; inkqubo welding yentsimbi ngolwabiwo olungalinganiyo lobushushu eliphezulu kunye nokupholisa, ukuze isakhiwo weld intsalela yoxinzelelo kunye deformation residual kwisakhiwo ukuthwala umthamo, ukuqina kunye nokusebenza kunempembelelo ethile; isakhiwo esidityanisiweyo ngenxa yokuqina kweendawo ezinkulu, iintanda zengingqi ezenzeka ngokulula zandiswe kuyo yonke into, ngakumbi kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi athambekele ekuqhekekeni okuqhekekayo; i-welded joints ngenxa yokuqina, ukuqhekeka kwendawo kwenzeka ngokulula kwandiswa kuyo yonke into, ngakumbi kumaqondo aphantsi. Ukuqhekeka okuncinci; uxhulumaniso lwe-weld plasticity kunye nokuqina akubi, i-welding inokuvelisa iziphene, ukwenzela ukuba amandla okukhathala ancitshiswe.

(B)uqhagamshelo lwebholithi

Uqhagamshelo lwebholithi kusetyenziswa iziqhoboshi zebholiti ezifana neziqhagamshelo eziqhagamshelwe ukuba zibe nye. Uqhagamshelo lwebholithi lohlulwe kuqhagamshelo lwebholiti eqhelekileyo kunye noqhagamshelo lwebholithi yamandla aphezulu.

Izinto eziluncedo: inkqubo yokwakha elula, kulula ukuyifaka, ifanelekile ngokukodwa ukudibanisa ukufakela indawo, kwakhona kulula ukuyichitha, ifanelekile kwisidingo sokufakela kunye nokuqhawula isakhiwo kunye nokudibanisa kwexeshana.

Ukungalungi: imfuneko yokuvula imingxuma kwipleyiti kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwemingxuma, ukwandisa umsebenzi wokuvelisa, kunye nokuveliswa kweemfuno ezichanekileyo eziphezulu; imingxuma bolt kwakhona buthathaka cross-icandelo lecandelo, kunye namalungu aqhagamshelwe ngokufuthi kufuneka lapped okanye ipleyiti encedisayo ezongezelelweyo udibaniso (okanye engile), kwaye ngoko ke ulwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo kunye nentsimbi ebiza kakhulu.

(C) uqhagamshelo olukhutshiweyo

Uqhagamshelo lwe-Rivet luphela lunentloko esele luyi-semi-circular prefabricated ye-rivet, intonga yesikhonkwane iya kutshisa ibomvu kwaye ifakwe ngokukhawuleza kwimingxuma yezikhonkwane kwisidibanisi, kwaye emva koko usebenzise umpu we-rivet uya kukhutshelwa kwelinye icala lesikhonkwane. intloko, ukuze wenze udibaniso ukufezekisa ukuqina.

Izinto eziluncedo: riveting ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okuthembekileyo, iplastiki, ubunzima bungcono, umgangatho kulula ukuwujonga kwaye uqiniseke ukuba ungasetyenziselwa isakhiwo somthwalo onzima kunye othe ngqo.Izinto ezingalunganga: inkqubo ye-riveting iyinkimbinkimbi, ukuvelisa indleko kunye nomsebenzi onzima, kunye nomsebenzi. -inzulu, ngoko ke iye ngokusisiseko replaced by welding kunye noqhagamshelo high-amandla bolt.

VII. uqhagamshelwano oludityanisiweyo

 (A) Iindlela ze-Welding

Indlela ye-welding eqhelekileyo yesakhiwo sentsimbi i-arc welding yombane, kubandakanywa i-arc manual, i-automatic okanye i-semi-automatic arc welding kunye ne-gas shielded welding.

I-arc welding ye-manual yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-welding structure, enezixhobo ezilula, eziguquguqukayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko zabasebenzi zihlwempuzekile, imveliso ingaphantsi kuneyo-welding ngokuzenzekelayo okanye i-semi-automatic, kwaye ukuhluka komgangatho we-weld kukhulu, okuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lobugcisa be-welder ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.

Ukuwelda okuzenzekelayo kozinzo lomgangatho we-welding, iziphene ze-weld zangaphakathi zincinci, iplastiki elungileyo, ukuqina kwempembelelo elungileyo, ilungele ukuwelda ixesha elide. I-Semi-automatic welding ngenxa yokusebenza ngesandla, ilungele i-welding curve okanye i-arbitrary shape ye-weld. I-welding ngokuzenzekelayo kunye ne-semi-automatic kufuneka isetyenziswe kunye nomzimba oyintloko wetsimbi kunye ne-flux ehambelana nocingo, ucingo kufuneka luhambelane nemigangatho yelizwe, i-flux kufuneka inqunywe ngokweemfuno zenkqubo ye-welding.

I-gas ekhuselweyo ye-welding kukusebenzisa i-gesi ye-inert (okanye i-CO2) yegesi njengendlela yokukhusela i-arc, ukwenzela ukuba isinyithi esityhidiweyo sisodwa emoyeni ukuze sigcine inkqubo ye-welding izinzile. I-gas ikhuseleke kwi-welding ye-arc yoxinzelelo, isantya se-welding, ubunzulu bokudibanisa, ngoko ke amandla e-weld aphezulu kune-welding manual. Kwaye iplastiki elungileyo kunye nokumelana nomhlwa, ilungele ukuwelda intsimbi.

(B)uhlobo lwe weld

Ifom yokudibanisa i-Weld ngokuhambelana nokudityaniswa kwisikhundla sokubambisana kwamalungu anokwahlulwa ibe yi-butt, i-lap, i-T-shaped connection kunye ne-angle uxhumano kunye nezinye iifom ezine. Olu nxibelelwano lusetyenziswa kwi-weld seam butt weld kunye ne-fillet weld iifom ezimbini ezisisiseko. Kwisicelo esithile, kufuneka idibaniswe ngokuhambelana namandla, idibaniswe nokuvelisa, ukufakwa kunye neemeko ze-welding zokukhethwa.

(C) isakhiwo weld

1, kodwa weld

I-Butt idibanisa ngokuthe ngqo ukudluliselwa kwamandla, igudileyo, akukho nto ibalulekileyo yoxinzelelo, kwaye ngoko ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuthwala imithwalo emileyo kunye neguquguqukayo iyasebenza kuqhagamshelwano lwamacandelo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeemfuno zomgangatho ophezulu we-butt weld, i-gap ye-welding phakathi kwee-weldments iyimfuneko engqongqo, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuqhagamshelwano lwemveliso yefektri.

2, i-fillet weld

Ifom ye-fillet weld: i-fillet weld ngokwendlela yobude bayo kunye nolwalathiso lwamandla angaphandle, inokwahlulwa ngokuhambelana necala le-weld force fillet weld, i-perpendicular ukuya kwicala le-front of the force fillet weld. kwaye isalathiso samandla sidityaniswe ngediagonally yi-oblique fillet weld kunye ne-circumferential weld.

Ifom ye-cross-section ye-fillet weld iphinda ihlulwe ibe yi-slope eqhelekileyo, i-flat slope kunye nohlobo lwe-fusion olunzulu. Kumzobo, i-hf ibizwa ngokuba yisayizi yonyawo lwe-weld yefayili. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-weld foot side ratio ye-1:1, efana nonxantathu wasekunene we-isosceles, ukugoba komgca wothumelo kuqina ngakumbi, ngoko uxinzelelo loxinzelelo lunzulu. Kwisakhiwo esixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kwimithwalo eguquguqukayo, ukwenzela ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kube lula, i-weld yekona yangaphambili kufuneka isetyenziswe umlinganiselo we-weld edge edge ye-1: 1.

VIII. uqhagamshelo lwebholithi

(A) Isakhiwo soqhagamshelo lwebholiti eqhelekileyo

1,Ifomu kunye neenkcukacha zebholiti eqhelekileyo

2,Ulungiselelo loqhagamshelwano lwebholiti eqhelekileyo

Ukulungelelaniswa kweebholiti kufuneka kube lula, okufanayo kunye nokudibanisa, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla, ukwakhiwa okufanelekileyo kunye nokulula ukuyifaka. Kukho iindidi ezimbini zolungiselelo: icala-by-icala kunye ne-staggered. I-Juxtaposition ilula kwaye ilungiselelo elishiyanayo lixinene ngakumbi.

(B) iimpawu zamandla zoqhagamshelo lwebholiti eqhelekileyo

1,Uqhagamshelo lwebholithi yokucheba

2,Uqhagamshelwano lwebholithi yoxinzelelo

3, Uqhagamshelo kunye nebhonti yokucheba

(C) iimpawu zamandla eebholiti eziphezulu zamandla

Uxhulumaniso lwe-bolt oluphezulu lunokwahlulwa lube luhlobo lwe-friction kunye nodidi loxinzelelo ngokumalunga noyilo kunye neemfuno zamandla. Uqhagamshelo lohlobo lwefriction kwi-stand shear, ngaphandle kwamandla okucheba ukufikelela ubuninzi bokuchasana okunokwenzeka phakathi kwepleyiti yelizwe elilinganiselweyo; xa ngaphezu xa isalamane ukutyibilika phakathi ipleyiti, oko kukuthi, uxhulumaniso iye kuthathwa ukuba ayiphumelelanga kunye nomonakalo. Uqhagamshelo lohlobo loxinzelelo kwi-chear, emva koko uvumele ukukhuhlana ukuba koyiswe kunye nokutyibilika phakathi kwepleyiti, kwaye ke amandla angaphandle angaqhubeka ukwanda, kwaye emva koko ukutshatyalaliswa kokugqibela kwe-screw shear okanye uxinzelelo lwendonga yomngxuma kwisimo somda.