Indlela yokuthintela umhlwa kunye ne-corrosion kwisakhiwo sentsimbi

Isakhiwo sentsimbi yobunjineli besakhiwoyaziwa ngokuba yiprojekthi eluhlaza yenkulungwane yama-21, ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi luneenzuzo ezininzi njengamandla aphezulu, umthamo oqinileyo wokulayisha, ubunzima obulula, umthamo omncinci wendawo ethathiweyo, ukwenziwa lula kunye nokufakwa kwamacandelo, ukonga iinkuni, njl. ngakumbi nangakumbi esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimizi-mveliso kunye nezakhiwo zasekuhlaleni.IZakhiwo zeSakhelo seSteel kunye noLwakhiwo lweNsimbi iWarehouses zikuyo yonke indawo.

Ngokukhula okukhawulezileyo koshishino, ukuxhathisa ukudleka kwentsimbi kunye nokunganyangeki kakuhle komhlwa kunye nokubola kunye neminye imiba ngokuthe ngcembe yavela, ngakumbi kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni kwaye ishishini lemichiza liye laba yingxaki ebalaseleyo!

I-Corrosion yesakhiwo sensimbi ayibangeli kuphela ilahleko yezoqoqosho, kodwa izisa ingozi efihliweyo kukhuseleko lwesakhiwo, kunye neengozi zobunjineli ezibangelwa ukubola kwentsimbi zixhaphakile, ngoko ke unyango oluchasayo lwesakhiwo sentsimbi (ingakumbi amacandelo ensimbi abhityileyo) yokubaluleka okukhulu kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo, kwaye oku kulandelayo ezinye iintshayelelo kunye neengxoxo kwiingxaki ezifumaneka kwinkqubo yokwakha kunye neendlela ezithile zonyango.

1. Izizathu eziphambili zokubola kwezakhiwo zetsimbi

Ukuthintela i-corrosion yensimbi kuqala ngokuqonda izizathu zokubola kwensimbi.

1.1 I-Corrosion mechanism yentsimbi kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi (ngaphantsi kwe-100 ° C)

I-Corrosion yentsimbi kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi ikakhulu i-electrochemical corrosion. Izakhiwo zensimbi zisetyenziselwa kwi-atmosphere kwiqondo lokushisa, kwaye intsimbi idliwe yisenzo sokufuma, i-oksijeni kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo (i-slag ye-welding engahlambulukanga, i-rust layer, i-surface dirt) emoyeni. Umswakama ohambelana nomoya ungaphantsi kwe-60%, ukubola kwentsimbi kuncinci kakhulu; kodwa xa umswakama ohambelanayo unyuka kwixabiso elithile, izinga lokubola kwentsimbi liphakama ngokukhawuleza, kwaye eli xabiso libizwa ngokuba ngumswakama obalulekileyo. Kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, ukufuma okubalulekileyo kwentsimbi ye-60% ukuya kuma-70%.

Xa umoya ungcolile okanye ityuwa emoyeni kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni, umswakama obalulekileyo uphantsi kakhulu, umgangatho wensimbi kulula ukwenza ifilimu yamanzi. Ngeli xesha, i-welding slag kunye ne-rust layer engaphathwanga (i-iron oxide) njenge-cathode, izakhi zesakhiwo sensimbi (izinto ezisisiseko) njenge-anode kwifilimu yamanzi i-electrochemical corrosion. Ukufuma kwe-atmospheric adsorbed kumphezulu wentsimbi ukwenza ifilimu yamanzi yinto emisela i-corrosion yensimbi; ukufuma okunxulumene neatmosfere kunye nomxholo wezingcolisi zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela iqondo lokubola kweatmospheri.

1.2 Indlela yokonakala kwentsimbi kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu (ngaphezu kwe-100 ℃)

I-Corrosion yentsimbi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu yikhemikhali. Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, amanzi akhona kwi-gaseous state, i-electrochemical effect incinci kakhulu, iyancipha ibe yinto yesibini. I-Metal kunye negesi eyomileyo (efana ne-O2, i-H2S, i-SO2, i-Cl2, njl. njl.) Uqhagamshelwano, isizukulwana sobuso bezinto ezihambelanayo (i-chlorides, i-sulfides, i-oxides), ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali ze-corrosion yensimbi.

2 Iindlela zokukhusela kwi-corrosion yezakhiwo zetsimbi

Ngokomgaqo we-electrochemical we-corrosion yensimbi, nje ukuba ukubunjwa kwebhetri ye-corrosion kuthintelwe okanye kutshatyalaliswe okanye iinkqubo ze-cathodic kunye ne-anodic zivaliwe ngamandla, ukubola kwensimbi kunokuthintelwa. Ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokukhusela ekukhuseleni ukubola kwesakhiwo sentsimbi yindlela eqhelekileyo ngoku, umaleko wokukhusela osetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo unezi ntlobo zilandelayo:

2.1 Umaleko okhuselayo wesinyithi: umaleko okhuselayo wesinyithi yintsimbi okanye i-alloy ene-cathodic okanye i-anodic effect yokukhusela, ngokusebenzisa i-electroplating, i-spray plating, i-chemical plating, i-hot plating kunye ne-seepage plating kunye nezinye iindlela, imfuneko yokukhusela umgangatho wesinyithi ukwenza i-metal protective layer (ifilimu) ukwahlula isinyithi kwindawo emdaka ekudibaneni ne-corrosive medium, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrochemical protective effect yokukhusela isinyithi, ukuze kuthintelwe ukubola.

2.2 Umaleko okhuselayo: ngokusebenzisa iikhemikhali okanye iindlela ze-electrochemical ukwenza umphezulu wentsimbi uvelise ifilimu edibeneyo enganyangekiyo, ukwenzela ukwahlula i-corrosive medium and metal contact, ukuthintela ukubola kwesinyithi.

2.3 Umaleko okhuselayo ongeyontsimbi: ngeepeyinti, iiplastiki, i-enamel kunye nezinye izinto, ngokupeyinta kunye nokutshiza kunye nezinye iindlela, ukwenza ifilimu ekhuselayo phezu kwendawo yesinyithi, ukwenzela ukuba i-metal kunye ne-corrosive media ibe yodwa, ukwenzela ukukhusela ukubola kwesinyithi. .

3. Unyango lwentsimbi

Ukusetyenzwa kwentsimbi kumzi-mveliso ngaphambili, umphezulu wamacandelo ngokuqinisekileyo uya kungcoliswa ngeoyile, ukufuma, uthuli kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo, kunye nobukho be-burrs, i-iron oxide, umaleko womhlwa kunye nezinye iziphene zomhlaba. Ukususela kwizizathu eziphambili zangaphambili zokubola kwesakhiwo sentsimbi, siyazi ukuba umxholo wezinto ezingcolisayo yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela iqondo lokubola kwe-atmospheric, kunye nokungcola komhlaba kuya kuchaphazela ngokukrakra ukunamathela kweengubo phezu komphezulu wentsimbi, kwaye wenze ipeyinti. ifilimu phantsi kwe-corrosion iyaqhubeka nokwandisa, okubangela ukusilela kwe-coating okanye umonakalo, ukungakwazi ukufezekisa umphumo ofunekayo wokukhusela. Ngoko ke, umgangatho wonyango lwentsimbi yomphezulu kwimpembelelo ekhuselayo yokwaleka kunye nobomi bempembelelo, ngamanye amaxesha nangaphezu kokwaleka ngokwawo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kwimpembelelo yale miba ilandelayo kufuneka igxininiswe:

3.1. Kumacandelo okuthwala imithwalo ekunzima ukulungiswa ngexesha lenkonzo, ibakala lokuhla kufuneka landiswe ngokufanelekileyo.

3.2. Ngaphambi nangemva kokuhla, igrisi, i-burr, ulusu lweyeza, i-splash kunye ne-iron oxide kufuneka isuswe ngononophelo.

3.3. ukwamkelwa komgangatho wemisebenzi yokuhla kunye nepeyinti iya kuhambelana nemimiselo.

4.Anti-umhlwa ukutyabeka

Iingubo ezichasene ne-corrosion ngokubanzi zenziwe nge-primer kunye nedyasi ephezulu. I-Primer kwi-powder engaphezulu, isiseko esincinci, ifilimu i-rough, umsebenzi we-primer kukwenza ifilimu yepeyinti kunye nenqanaba leengcambu zengca kunye nokudibanisa i-topcoat eqinile, oko kukuthi, ukuba ne-adhesion elungileyo; I-primer ine-corrosion inhibiting pigments, inokuthintela ukwenzeka kwe-corrosion, kwaye enye ingaba yi-passivation yesinyithi kunye nokukhusela i-electrochemical ukukhusela isinyithi ekuhlwa. I-topcoat ingaphantsi komgubo, isiseko sezinto ezininzi, emva kokuba ifilimu ikhazimle, owona msebenzi uphambili kukukhusela umaleko osezantsi we-primer, ngoko ke kufuneka ungangeni emoyeni kunye nomswakama, kwaye kufuneka ukwazi ukumelana nokubola komzimba kunye neekhemikhali. okubangelwa yimozulu. Umkhwa wangoku kukusebenzisa i-synthetic resins ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kwemozulu ye-medium. Iingubo ezichasene nokonakala kunye nokumelana ne-atmospheric ziqhelekile ukuxhathisa kuphela kwisigaba somphunga esisemoyeni. Kwiindawo eziphantsi kokugqwala ziiasidi kunye neealkali kunye nezinye izinto zosasazo, iasidi kunye nealkali ekwaziyo ukumelana neengubo kufuneka zisetyenziswe.

Ipeyinti ye-Anti-corrosion ngokomsebenzi wokukhusela inokwahlulwa ibe yi-primer, ipeyinti ephakathi kunye nedyasi ephezulu, umaleko ngamnye wepeyinti uneempawu zayo, nganye inoxanduva loxanduva lwayo, ukudityaniswa kwamaleya, ukubunjwa kwengubo edibeneyo. ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-anti-corrosion, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo.

4.1 iiprimers

I-Primer layer esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-anti-corrosion coatings i-primer ecebileyo ye-zinc kunye ne-epoxy iron-red primer, ipeyinti ecebileyo ye-zinc iqulunqwe inani elikhulu le-micro-fine powder ye-zinc kunye nenani elincinci lezinto zokwenza ifilimu. Iimpawu ze-electrochemical ze-Zinc ziphezulu kunezo zentsimbi, kwaye xa ziphantsi kwe-corrosion, zinefuthe "lokuzincama", ukwenzela ukuba insimbi ikhuselwe. Imveliso ye-corrosion ye-zinc oxide igcwalisa ii-pores kwaye yenza i-coating ibe nzima ngakumbi. I-primer enezinki esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo inezi ntlobo zintathu zilandelayo:

(1) iglasi yamanzi i-zinc-rich-rich primer, yiglasi yamanzi njengesiseko sezinto, yongeza umgubo we-zinc, ukuxuba kunye nokuxubha, emva kokunyanga ukuba kuhlanjululwe ngamanzi, inkqubo yokwakha iyinkimbinkimbi, iimeko zenkqubo enzima, unyango lomhlaba kufuneka ube kwi-Sa2.5 okanye ngaphezulu, ukongeza kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, iimfuno zokufuma, ukubunjwa kwefilimu yokugubungela kulula ukukrazula, ukukhupha, kwaye kunqabile ukusetyenziswa.

(2) i-soluble inorganic zinc-rich primer, i-primer isekelwe kwi-ethyl orthosilicate, utywala njenge-solvent, i-polymerization ye-hydrolyzed ngokuyinxenye, yongeza ifilimu ye-zinc exutywe ngokulinganayo ifilimu.

(3) i-primer ecebileyo ye-zinc, i-epoxy resin njengento esisiseko sokwenza ifilimu, yongeza i-zinc powder, ukunyanga ukwenza i-coating. I-epoxy zinc-rich primer ayiyona kuphela ipropathi egqwesileyo ye-anticorrosion, kunye ne-adhesion eyomeleleyo, kunye nepeyinti elandelayo yokwaleka i-epoxy iron-cloud luhlobo oluhle lokunamathela. Ikakhulu isetyenziswe kwi-atmosphere jikelele yesakhiwo sesakhelo sensimbi kunye ne-petrochemical equipment corrosion.

I-epoxy iron oxide ebomvu primer ihlulwe ibe yitoti yepeyinti yamacandelo amabini, icandelo A (ipeyinti) eyenziwe nge-epoxy resin, i-iron oxide ebomvu kunye nezinye i-antirust pigments i-agent ye-toughening, i-agent anti-sinking, njl., icandelo B liyi-arhente yokunyanga, ukwakhiwa komlinganiselo wokusasazwa. I-iron oxide ebomvu luhlobo lwe-pigment ye-anti-rust ebonakalayo, indalo yayo izinzile, amandla agqumayo anamandla, amasuntswana amahle, angadlala umphumo omuhle wokukhusela kwifilimu yepeyinti, inomsebenzi ochasayo wokugqwala. I-epoxy iron oxide primer ebomvu kwipleyiti yentsimbi kunye nomgangatho ongaphezulu wepeyinti ye-epoxy inoncamathelo elungileyo, yome ngokukhawuleza kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, umaleko ongaphezulu wepeyinti yomphezulu ayiwophi umbala, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimibhobho yentsimbi, iitanki, iiprojekthi zentsimbi zokunqanda ukudumba. , njenge-rust primer.

4.2 umaleko ophakathi wepeyinti

Ipeyinti yomaleko ophakathi idla ngokuba yi-epoxy mica kunye nepeyinti yesikali seglasi epoxy okanye ipeyinti etyebileyo eludaka. Ipeyinti ye-epoxy mica yenziwe nge-epoxy resin njengesiseko sezinto ngokudibanisa i-mica iron oxide, i-microstructure ye-mica iron oxide ifana ne-flaky mica, ubukhulu bayo buyi-micrometers ezimbalwa, kwaye ububanzi bayo bungamashumi eemicrometers ukuya kwi-micrometer ezilikhulu. Kukuxhathisa ubushushu obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa kwealkali, ukuxhathisa kweasidi, okungeyotyhefu, ukwakheka kweflake kunokuthintela ukungena okuphakathi, ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kokuchasana nomhlwa, kunye nokushwabana okuphantsi, uburhabaxa bomphezulu, ngumaleko obalaseleyo ophakathi wepeyinti echasene nomhlwa. Ipeyinti yesikali seglasi ye-epoxy yiresin ye-epoxy njengesiseko semathiriyeli, enesikali seglasi ethe tyaba njenge aggregate, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezongezo ezenziwe ngepeyinti eshinyeneyo yohlobo lokubheqa lokunqanda ukubola. Ubukhulu besikali seglasi buziimicrons ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5 kuphela. Njengoko izikali zicwangciswe kwiingqimba ezingentla nangaphantsi kwi-coating, isakhiwo esikhethekileyo sokukhusela senziwe.

4.3 idyasi ephezulu

Iipeyinti ezisetyenziselwa i-topcoat zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamabakala amathathu ngokwamaxabiso azo:

(1) Ibakala eliqhelekileyo yipeyinti ye-epoxy, ipeyinti yerabha ekloriniweyo, i-chlorosulphonated polyethylene yayo njalo njalo;

(2) Umgangatho ophakathi yipeyinti yepolyurethane;

(3) Umgangatho ophezulu yipeyinti ye-silicone eguqulweyo ye-polyurethane, i-silicone-modified acrylic top coat, ipeyinti ye-fluorine njalo njalo.

Ipeyinti ye-epoxy emva kokunyangwa kweekhemikhali, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali, ukugquma okuxineneyo, ukunamathela okuqinileyo, iipropathi eziphezulu zoomatshini, ukuxhathisa i-asidi, i-alkali, ityuwa, inokumelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemichiza yemithombo yeendaba.

5. Ukukhethwa kwepeyinti ye-anticorrosive kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo amanqaku amaninzi

5.1 Kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuhambelana kweemeko zokusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo kunye noluhlu lweepeyinti ezikhethiweyo, ngokusekelwe kwi-corrosive medium (uhlobo, ubushushu kunye nokuxininisa) isigaba segesi okanye isigaba solwelo, iindawo ezishushu kunye nezifumileyo okanye iindawo ezomileyo kunye nezinye. iimeko zokukhetha. Kwi-acidic medium, ipeyinti ye-phenolic resin ene-asidi engcono yokumelana ingasetyenziswa, ngelixa i-alkaline medium, ipeyinti ye-epoxy resin enokumelana okungcono kwe-alkali kufuneka isetyenziswe.

5.2 Okunokwenzeka kweemeko zokwakha kuya kuqwalaselwa. Ezinye zifanelekile ukuxubha, ezinye zifanelekile ukutshiza, ezinye zifanelekile ukomisa kwendalo ukwenza ifilimu kunye nokunye. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise ipeyinti eyomileyo, elula yokutshiza i-cold-setting.

5.3 Qwalasela ungqamaniso oluchanekileyo lweecoatings. Njengoko uninzi lwepeyinti iyimathiriyeli ye-organic colloidal njengesiseko semathiriyeli, peyinta wonke umaleko wefilim, ngokuqinisekileyo kukho ezininzi ezikhethekileyo ezincinci, imidiya ebolileyo isenokungena kukhukuliseko lwentsimbi. Ngoko ke, ukwakhiwa kwepeyinti yangoku ayigqunywanga umaleko omnye, kodwa ifakwe i-multi-layer, injongo kukunciphisa i-microporous ubuncinane. Kufuneka kubekho ukuguquguquka okuhle phakathi kwe-primer kunye ne-topcoat. Okufana ne-vinyl chloride ipeyinti kunye ne-phosphating primer okanye i-iron ebomvu ye-alkyd primer exhasa ukusetyenziswa kweziphumo ezilungileyo, kwaye ayinakusetyenziswa nge-oyile-based primer (njengepeyinti ebomvu esekelwe kwioli) exhasa ukusetyenziswa. Ngenxa yokuba ipeyinti ye-perchlorethylene iqulethe i-solvents enamandla, iya kutshabalalisa ifilimu ye-primer.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza umsebenzi omhle kwi-antirust kunye ne-anticorrosion ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwesakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi, ukugcina izinto eziphathekayo, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yesakhiwo, ukuqinisekisa ukuveliswa okukhuselekileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukungcola kokusingqongileyo.