Ukukhuthaza ngamandla ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sentsimbi esilungiselelwe ukuphuhliswa komgangatho omtsha wemveliso ukongeza amandla okuxhobisa iplani entsha izotyiwe, uhambo olutsha luqalile.

Inguqu kunye nophuculo kwimizi-mveliso, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kunye nokutyalwa kohlaza yimfuneko yokwenene yophuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu woshishino lokwakha kunye nentsingiselo ephambili yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo loshishino. Ulwakhiwo lwensimbi ngokwendalo luneempawu zokuQala, ushishino kunye nohlaza, lunika umdlalo opheleleyo kwiinzuzo zalo "zokukhanya, ngokukhawuleza, okulungileyo kunye noqoqosho", kunye nokunyusa umgangatho ophezulu wophuhliso lokudityaniswa.isakhiwo sentsimbi isakhiwongokuqhutywa kwamavili aphindwe kabini okusungula ubuchwepheshe kunye nolawulo yeyona nto kugxilwe kuyo kuphuhliso lomgangatho omtsha wemveliso.

I-1, Bamba inguqu kwishishini lokwakha kwaye uqaphele iingenelo zesakhiwo sentsimbi esidityanisiweyo

Ishishini lokwakha laseTshayina lisasebenza ngamandla, indlela yokwakha ekrwada ngokwentelekiso yoshishino lwemveli, xa kuthelekiswa neemfuno zophuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu, kusekho umsantsa omkhulu. INkomfa yeSizwe yezeZindlu kunye noLwakhiwo lwaseziDolophini-emaPhandleni ebibanjwe kulo nyaka uphelileyo igxininise ukwenziwa nzulu kohlaziyo lwecandelo lobonelelo kushishino lolwakhiwo, kwaye iyaqhubeka nokusebenza kushishino, ukufakwa kwedijithali, inguqu eluhlaza, kunye nokuzama ukubonelela ngeemveliso zokwakha ezikumgangatho ophezulu. kuluntu lonke, ukwenza inguqulelo ephuculweyo ye "China-yakhiwe". Oku kuye kwacacisa isikhokelo kunye nendlela yophuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu woshishino lokwakha.

Intsingiselo yolwakhiwo olunemizi-mveliso yimveliso yomzi-mveliso, ufakelo kwisiza, ukubekwa emgangathweni kokwenziwa kwemveliso, iinxalenye, Ingcamango elungiselelwe kwangaphambili kushishino lokwakha, isakhiwo sibe yimveliso yemizi-mveliso. Nangona kunjalo, akukho lula kwishishini lokwakha ukuqonda "ukwakha izindlu ezifana neemoto". Ukusuka kwimbono ebonakalayo, ukwakhiwa kwamashishini okwakha kunzima ngakumbi kunokwakha iimoto. Isizathu kukuba: Okokuqala, izinto zokwakha azikwazi ukufana namalungu emoto kwiplani ye-clamp yemoto efanayo kunye nokugaya; Okwesibini, izinto zokwakha azikho nje ezinkulu, ezinkulu, ezinzima, kunye nezixhobo zokufakela, iindlela zahluke ngokupheleleyo, isakhiwo ekugqibeleni sifakwe kwisiza, kunokufakelwa kwefektri. Okwesithathu, iimpawu zobuqu zeemveliso zokwakha ziyabonakala, akukho zindlu zimbini zifana ncam. Ulwakhiwo lwamashishini luphawulwa ngoyilo olusemgangathweni, imveliso yefektri, ukwakhiwa kwangaphambili, ukuhlobisa okudibeneyo, ulawulo lolwazi, isicelo esikrelekrele, undoqo lulwakhiwo olulungiselelwe ngaphambili, ngoko ke isakhiwo sokufezekisa “njengokwakha imoto njengokwakha indlu”, kufuneka siphuhlise ngamandla i-Prefabricated. ulwakhiwo, olusisandla esibalulekileyo ukuphumeza ushishino.

Itekhnoloji engundoqo ye-digitization ibandakanya i-BIM (iModeli yoLwazi loKwakha) kunye namawele edijithali, kunye nokuguqulwa kwedijithali kushishino lokwakha kukudibanisa yonke imigangatho yoshishino, imithetho, amava kunye neemfuno zokwenza isixa esikhulu sedatha, eya kuqhuba ngokusebenzisa Umjikelo wobomi besakhiwo, lonke ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso kunye nabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ngeqonga lokwazisa. Ushishino olutsha kukudibanisa idijithali kwisiseko soshishino, ukukhuthaza utshintsho lwendlela yokulawula, kunye nokuvelisa indlela entsha yokwakha. Ulwakhiwo olukrelekrele lukwasekwe kwidijithali, kwaye uphuhliso lwe-synergistic lolwakhiwo olukrelekrele kunye noshishino lwesakhiwo esitsha lusekwe kuphuhliso lokwenyani lweshishini, kwaye iinzame zenziwe ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lobukrelekrele ngelixa kuhlanganiswa isiseko soshishino. Ingqwalasela yolwakhiwo olukrelekrele kukudityaniswa kwetekhnoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nobuchwephesha bokwakha ubunjineli, itekhnoloji engundoqo yi-algorithms ekrelekrele kunye nezicelo zerobhothi zokwakha ezikrelekrele. Okwangoku, uninzi lwezixhobo ezizisebenzelayo zolu shishino azinakubizwa ngokuba “zikrelekrele”, ugxininiso lobukrelekrele “kumatshini endaweni yomntu”, lunokuba lunxibelelwano lomntu nomatshini, kwaye lunokufikelela ekuphuculweni kwengqondo ngokufunda ngokuzimeleyo. Ulwakhiwo olukrelekrele kunye nophuhliso olutsha lwe-industrialization synergistic, ngokuhambelana nophuhliso lwangoku lweshishini lokwakha laseTshayina, izinto ezintsha, ezihambele phambili, zinokuzisa utshintsho olusisiseko kushishino, ngundoqo kuphuhliso lwemveliso entsha.

Izakhiwo zesakhiwo sentsimbizineeMpawu eziFakelweyo, ushishino kunye neempawu eziluhlaza, kwaye izibonelelo zazo zilula, ziyakhawuleza, zilungile kwaye zinoqoqosho. Ukukhanya kuthetha ukuba izinto zesakhiwo sensimbi zilula kwaye zinamandla amakhulu, kunye necandelo elincinci le-cross-section, i-self-weight self-weight and high bearing capacity, efanelekileyo kwi-spans enkulu kwaye kulula ukuyihambisa kunye nokufakwa. Ngokukhawuleza, kuthetha ukuba isakhiwo sensimbi senziwe kwifektri, enokuveliswa kwiibhetshi zeenqununu ezinkulu ezinezinga eliphezulu loshishino; ukwamkela indlela yokwakha yokwenziwa kwefektri kunye nokufakelwa kweebholithi zokuqina okuphezulu kwindawo yokwakha kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ixesha lokwakha, nto leyo eyenza iimeko zokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuzisa inzuzo yezoqoqosho kutyalo-mali. Okuhle, kubhekiselele kwiipropathi ezilungileyo zoomatshini bezinto eziluhlaza, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukuwelda, ukutywinwa, ukuqina, ukusebenza kwe-seismic yesakhiwo, kulula ukudiliza, kunye nokuziqhelanisa kakuhle nobuchwepheshe obutsha. Gcina, kuthetha ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nolwakhiwo lwekhonkrithi, umjikelo wobomi bonke iindleko ezibanzi zisezantsi, kwaye intsimbi inokuphinda isetyenziswe. Ukuphuhliswa kwesakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi esidibeneyo asiyiyo kuphela imfuneko yokuguqulwa kweshishini lokwakha kwi-industrialization, i-digitalization kunye nohlaza, kodwa kunye nenkqubo engenakuphepheka kwinkqubo yophuhliso lokwakha kunye nenkxaso ebalulekileyo yokwakhiwa kwezindlu ezilungileyo.

2, Ukucoca imiqobo kuphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokukhuthazaIsakhiwo sesakhiwo sentsimbi esenziwe ngaphambiliukwakha umfutho

Ukunika umdlalo opheleleyo kwiinzuzo zesakhiwo sensimbi, kuyimfuneko ukujongana neengxaki ezijongene nazo kuphuhliso, ukuthatha amanyathelo ajoliswe kuyo ukucima imiqobo yophuhliso oluphezulu, kwaye uqaphele ukutsiba ukusuka kwisakhiwo sentsimbi esihlangeneyo ukuya kwintsimbi edibeneyo. isakhiwo isakhiwo.

Misela ingqikelelo ye “full Prefabricated”. Ukwakhiwa akufanele kuhlanganiswe kuphela, kodwa kunye nesakhiwo se-enclosure yangaphandle, inkqubo yangaphakathi, izixhobo kunye nemibhobho, kunye nokuhlobisa kufuneka kuhlanganiswe. Ukuze uqonde i-Prefabricated epheleleyo, ulwazi olusekelwe kwi-teknoloji ye-BIM yingxaki yokuqala ekufuneka isonjululwe.

Ukuseka ingcamango "yokudibanisa". Okokuqala, ukuhlanganiswa koyilo, ukuveliswa, ukwakhiwa, ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa, kunye nokujula kokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ubuthathaka bokuphuhliswa kwesakhiwo sensimbi yindleko ephezulu yokwakha, kodwa ukuba siqwalasela kwimbono yokudibanisa ukuyila ekusebenzeni nasekugcinweni, sinokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko. Okwesibini, isakhiwo, isakhiwo, iinxalenye kunye namacandelo, izixhobo zomatshini kunye nombane, umhlobiso kunye nefenitshala kufuneka zihlanganiswe. Okufana nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sentsimbi ephezulu kuguquguqukayo, inkqubo yokuvala kunye nesakhiwo sokulungelelaniswa kobuchule bokuguqulwa bufuna ukuphakama, ngaphandle koko inkqubo yokuvala ilula i-deformation kunye nokuqhekeka, echaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwesiphumo sokwakha kunye nobomi. Ukugcinwa kobushushu, ukugquma, i-anticorrosion, ukuthintela umlilo, ukukhanya, i-sunshade kunye nezinye iinxalenye zesakhiwo kunye namacandelo ekudityanisweni koqwalaselo, kungekhona nje isisombululo esihle kuluhlu lweengxaki, kodwa nokuphucula umgangatho wesakhiwo. Okwesithathu, ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha obufana nekhabhoni ephantsi eluhlaza kunye nokusebenza kwesakhiwo kufuneka kuhlanganiswe. Okwesine, uphuhliso lwemigangatho yokudibanisa iteknoloji edibeneyo kufuneka ifakwe kwi-ajenda.

Lungiselela inkqubo yolwakhiwo. Ukugxininisa kwinjongo yophuhliso lwe-Prefabricated kunye ne-industrialization, ukwandisa inkqubo yesakhiwo sezakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi, kwaye wenze imizamo yokunciphisa inani lamacandelo, ukuphucula indlela yokudibanisa, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa komgangatho kunye nokubona umphumo.

Lungiselela uyilo. Sombulula ingxaki yeepali eziveziweyo kunye neekholamu ngaphakathiizakhiwo zentsimbingokwandisa uyilo. Ngokwenza, kusetyenziswa amacandelo entsimbi ukutshintsha nje amacandelo ekhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo, izibonelelo zesakhiwo sentsimbi kunzima ukudlala, ukusetyenziswa kokusebenza kuncitshisiwe, inani lentsimbi linyukile, ngokuyilwa koyilo, ukusebenzisa ngcono izibonelelo zesakhiwo sentsimbi, enkulu. indawo, uyilo oluguquguqukayo.

Uphando kunye nophuhliso lokuqhelanisa nendlela yolwakhiwo lwemizi-mveliso. Ukumiselwa komgangatho woyilo, ukwenziwa kwefektri yamacandelo, kunye ne-Prefabricated of structure, electromechanics, umhlobiso kunye nefenitshala ziinzuzo zeempawu zezakhiwo zentsimbi. Kuyafuneka ukunika umdlalo opheleleyo kwiingenelo, ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lolwakhiwo lweemodyuli, ukuqonda ulwakhiwo olukhawulezayo, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-welding kwindawo, ukonga abasebenzi kunye nokunciphisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo.

Uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendawo ezixhasayo kunye namacandelo. Okokuqala, ngenxa yeempawu ezizimeleyo zesakhiwo, kunzima ukuvelisa iinxalenye kunye namacandelo, kwaye iqondo lokulinganisa kunye nokulungelelanisa liphantsi; okwesibini, ikhonkco loshishino aligqibelelanga ngokwaneleyo; kwaye okwesithathu, iipaneli ezintathu (iipaneli zodonga ezisezantsi, zangaphakathi nangaphandle) azihambelani kakuhle nesakhiwo sokwakha. Inkqubo yendalo yonke isekelwe ekumiselweni komgangatho kunye nendalo yonke yamacandelo kunye namacandelo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokudibanisa, obufanelekileyo kwimveliso ekhethekileyo kunye nentlalontle, kwaye iyindlela egqibeleleyo yoshishino. Kuphela ngokuphuhlisa ngamandla inkqubo yendalo yonke esekelwe kwiindawo zendalo kunye namacandelo sinokubeka isiseko "sokwakha indlu njengemoto".

Guqula imbono ye-slab yomgangatho ongenanto. Ukusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo esidibeneyo se-slabs edibeneyo yomgangatho, inxalenye yokudibanisa yokuphunyezwa kokuthululwa kwesibini, akuyona indlela yokwakhiwa kwemizi-mveliso egqibeleleyo. Amashishini amashishini kufuneka agxininise kumbindi wolwakhiwo lwemizi-mveliso, ulungelelwaniso lobuntu kunye neemfuno zokubekwa emgangathweni, ukuphinda kucingelwe ixabiso leentsimbi zomgangatho ongenanto, uphando kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji entsha ukoyisa iziphene zabo, ukudlala ngamandla abo, kunye nokomeleza iPrefabricated of izakhiwo kumgangatho weebhodi ezimfutshane.

Okwangoku, uphuhliso lwesakhiwo sensimbi yaseChina lukhawuleza, inani elikhulu leendawo zesakhiwo sensimbi, izikhululo zeenqwelo moya, izikhululo kunye nezakhiwo eziphakamileyo ziphakama. Ngokuqhubeka nzulu koshishino, idijithali kunye nokuguqulwa kohlaza kushishino lokwakha, izakhiwo zesakhiwo sentsimbi ezihlangeneyo ziya kuqokelela ngokukhawuleza, ukuvuselela ukusekwa kwamandla amatsha e-kinetic kunye neenzuzo ezintsha ezibonakaliswe ngokutsha kunye nomgangatho njengesitshixo kuphuhliso lwesantya esitsha sokuvelisa kunye. ukuxhotyiswa kuphuhliso lomgangatho omtsha.