Ingcaciso ebanzi yolwakhiwo lwetruss olubanzi1

Izakhiwo zetsimbi ziyisisombululo esinexabiso elibi kakhulu kwaye sisebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kumashishini kuwo onke amashishini.Ngelixa sisebenzisa izakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi ezifana neendawo zokugcina izakhiwo zensimbi kunye nezakhiwo zesakhelo sensimbi, kufuneka siqonde ukuba zeziphi izinto ezichaphazela izinto zesakhiwo sensimbi.

1, Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali

• Ikhabhoni:inxalenye ephambili yamandla ensimbi. Inkqubela yomxholo wekhabhoni, inkqubela phambili yamandla entsimbi, kodwa kunye neplastiki yentsimbi, ukuxhathisa, ukugoba okubandayo, ukuqina kunye nokuchasana nomhlwa kunye nokubola kunokunciphisa, ngakumbi kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi phantsi kokumelana nempembelelo kuya kuncitshiswa.
• I-Manganese kunye ne-silicon:Izinto ezithandekayo kwintsimbi, ziyi-deoxidizers, zinokuphucula amandla, kodwa hayi iplastiki eninzi kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo.
• Vanadium, niobium, titanium:izinto ezihlanganisiweyo kwintsimbi, zombini ukuphucula amandla entsimbi, kodwa nokugcina iplastiki ebalaseleyo, ukuxhathisa.
• Aluminiyam:i-deoxidizer eyomeleleyo, kunye ne-aluminiyam yokwenza i-deoxidation, inokunciphisa ngakumbi ii-oxides eziyingozi kwintsimbi.
• I-Chromium kunye ne-nickel:izinto ezidibeneyo zokuphucula amandla entsimbi.
• I-Sulfur kunye ne-phosphorus:ukungcola okushiywe kwintsimbi ngexesha lokuzilolonga, izinto ezinobungozi. Banciphisa iplastiki, ukuxhathisa, ukuwelda kunye namandla okudinwa kwentsimbi. Isulfure inokwenza intsimbi "ishushu brittle", i-phosphorus yenza isinyithi "i-cold brittle".
• "Eshushu brittle":isulfure inokuvelisa lula ukunyibilika sulfide yentsimbi, xa umsebenzi eshushu kunye ukuwelda ukwenza ubushushu ukuya 800 ~ 1000 ℃, ukuze intsimbi iveze iintanda, inkangeleko brittle.
• "I-brittle ebandayo":kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, i-phosphorus yenza ukuxhathisa impembelelo yentsimbi yehle kakhulu kwisenzeko.
• Ioksijini kunye nenitrogen:ukungcola okuyingozi kwintsimbi. Ioksijini inokwenza intsimbi ibe shushu ibe brittle, initrogen inokwenza intsimbi ebandayo ibe brittle.

2, Impembelelo yeentsilelo ze-metallurgical

Izithintelo eziqhelekileyo ze-metallurgical ziquka ukuhlukana, i-non-metallic admixture, i-porosity, i-cracks, i-delamination, njl., zonke ezonakalise umsebenzi wentsimbi.

3, Ukuqina kwentsimbi

Umzobo obandayo, ukugoba okubandayo, ukubethelwa, ukucheba ngoomatshini kunye neminye imisebenzi ebandayo ukuze intsimbi ibe ne-deformation enkulu yeplastiki, kwaye emva koko iphucule indawo yokuvelisa intsimbi, kunye nokuhla kweplastiki kunye nokuxhathisa kwentsimbi, le nto yaziwa ngokuba ukuqina okubandayo okanye ukuqina koxinzelelo.

4, ifuthe lobushushu

I-Steel ivakalelwa ngokufanelekileyo kwiqondo lokushisa, kwaye zombini ukunyuka kunye nokunciphisa kwiqondo lokushisa kubangela utshintsho kumsebenzi wensimbi. Ngokwahlukileyo, umsebenzi wokushisa ophantsi wensimbi ubaluleke kakhulu.

Kwiqondo lokushisa elihle, umgangatho oqhelekileyo kukulandela ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa, amandla ensimbi ayancipha, i-deformation iyanda. Malunga ne-200 ℃ ngaphakathi komsebenzi wentsimbi ayitshintshi kakhulu, i-430 ~ 540 ℃ phakathi kwamandla (isivuno samandla kunye namandla okuqina) ukuhla okubukhali; ukuya ku-600 ℃ xa amandla ephantsi kakhulu akakwazi ukuthwala umthwalo.

Ukongeza, i-250 ℃ kufutshane ne-blue brittle phenomenon, malunga ne-260 ~ 320 ℃ xa kukho into ekhasayo.