Inkcazo ebanzi yolwakhiwo lwetruss ebanzi

Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obulula, amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-seismic, i-span truss enkulu isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwisakhiwo se-airport terminal, i-gymnasium, iholo yemiboniso kunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zokwakha. Umzekelo, isakhiwo sesikhululo sesikhululo seenqwelomoya sithatha ubume betrass enkulu yespan ukubonelela indawo yangaphakathi ephangaleleyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zentshukumo yabahambi kunye nokulinda iinqwelomoya. Iziteyimu ezinkulu zezemidlalo, amachibi okuqubha, ii-ice rinks, njl., zihlala zisebenzisa izakhiwo ezinkulu ze-truss ukuxhasa iindawo ezinkulu zephahla kunye nokubonelela ngeendawo zokubukela ezingenakho ikholamu. Ezi ntlobo zezakhiwo zibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lweendawo ukusuka kumaziko amakhulu oluntu ukuya kwizakhiwo ezikhethekileyo, ezibonisa ukubaluleka kwezakhiwo ze-truss ezide kwi-architecture yanamhlanje.

Ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kweemeko zesayithi, indawo ekhoyo yokudibanisa i-truss kunye nokuphakanyiswa kuhambelana kakhulu kwezinye iiprojekthi. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokugcina iindleko, kuyimfuneko ukwenza inkqubo yokwakha efanelekileyo enokuthi ihlangabezane neemfuno zokwakhiwa kwayo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwezinye iinkqubo.

1,Ukhetho lwenkqubo

Ukuphakama kunye nobubanzi besakhiwo sekhonkrithi esigqityiweyo kwisayithi yeprojekthi enkulu ye-span idla ngokuba nkulu, kwaye indawo yokufakela intsimbi yentsimbi idla ngokuba phakathi kwephahla, ngoko ke ukuphakamisa ngaphandle kwe-span akunakwenzeka. Kwangaxeshanye, ucwangciso lokwakha lukwafuna ukuqwalasela umhlaba kunye nezixhobo zokuphakamisa. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yobukho bendawo engaphantsi komhlaba, amanyathelo okuqinisa anzima aya kufuneka ukuba i-crane enkulu ikhethwe ukuphakanyiswa ngokubanzi. Ke ngoko, ukhetho lwenkqubo lukwafuna ukuqwalasela inkqubela phambili yolwakhiwo kunye nothelekiso olusebenzayo loqoqosho.

Ngokwemeko yokwenyani yendawo yokwakha, ngokuqhelekileyo kugqitywa ukuba i-trusses engundoqo kunye neyesibini inokuhlanganiswa ngokupheleleyo emhlabeni, i-trusses engundoqo inokuphakanyiswa kwi-joist yonke okanye kumacandelo ngaphakathi kokuwa, kunye nesibini. iitrasi zinokuphakanyiswa ngokupheleleyo. I-Crane ingasetyenziselwa zombini ukudibanisa kunye nokuphakamisa. Ngokutsho kokusebenza kwe-crane, inxalenye ye-joist ephambili ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo ama-2 okanye ama-3 ngokwemfuno yangempela. Indawo yokwahlula ayinakukhethwa ngaphandle kolwakhiwo lwekhonkrithi, kungenjalo amanyathelo okhuseleko angaphezulu ayafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ulwakhiwo lwamalungu empundu, ngoko ke indawo yokwahlulwa ikhethwa ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sekhonkrithi, kwaye umgangatho ungasetyenziselwa ukwakha iqonga lokusebenza. Isakhelo sokuqhafaza sibekwe kwi-node ye-chord ephantsi kufuphi nendawo yokwahlula kwe-truss ephambili, kwaye isakhelo sokubambisana sibekwe phezulu kwi-beam yekhonkrithi okanye ikholomu phezu kophahla.

2, Iinkcukacha zokwakha iTruss

2.1 Ukuhlanganisana ngokudibeneyo

Ukuze ugweme ukuqokelela impazamo, iitrasi eziphambili kunye nesekondari zihlanganiswe ngendlela yokudibanisa yonke into eninzi, kwaye ibhentshi yentsimbi yenziwe ngentsimbi ye-16-gauge njengeplatifomu yokuhlanganisa. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kokuchaneka kwe-truss, ii-chords kufuneka zikopishwe ngokungqongqo ngemitha yezinga, kwaye ngelo xesha, iingcingo zetsimbi ezintle ziqiniswe kwiiphelo zangaphandle ze-chords eziphezulu kunye nezantsi ukwenzela ukuba i-chords iqondiswe.

Umgca wokumisa umgca wewebhu ulinganiswa kwaye ubekwe kwindawo yangaphakathi ye-node ye-stringers, kwaye iwebhu ifakwe ngokwendawo yomgca wecala. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokulungelelaniswa kweentonga ze-chord, ezinye iintonga zewebhu zifakwe ekupheleni, phakathi nendawo kunye nendawo edibeneyo, ukwenzela ukuba i-truss shape inokulungiswa ukuphepha ukuguqulwa xa ezinye iintambo zewebhu zifakwe.

2.2 indawo yokuhlanganisa kunye nenkxaso yokukhetha indawo yemoto

Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kolwakhiwo kwaye kuthintelwe imeko yothutho lwesibini olujikelezileyo kunye nokuthintela indlela yokuhamba yekhreyini, iitrasi ziqokelelwa kufutshane nendawo ejongwayo yofakelo, kwaye itafile yokuhlanganisa icwangciswe kumacala omabini omzila ngokunxuseneyo. icala lomjelo.

Ukongeza, inani lokutshintsha kwe-crane kufuneka lincitshiswe xa liphakanyiswa, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukumisela indawo yokuxhasa i-crane kwangaphambili. Umgaqo-siseko kukuba i-crane inokuphakamisa iitrasi ezimbini ezikufutshane ezikufutshane ngexesha elifanayo kwindawo efanayo. Xa iitrasi ziphakanyisiwe ukusuka kwindawo yokuhlanganisa, iradiyasi yokubulala yendawo yehuku kufuneka ibenkulu kuneradiyasi yokubulala yehuku xa ibekwe kwindawo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukuze isenzo secrane kwinkqubo yokunyuswa kukuba phakamisa ikhonkco, ujikelezise ingalo, kwaye uphakamise ingalo, kwaye i-radius yokubulala iya incinci kwaye incinci, kwaye i-coefficient yokhuseleko iya ikhula kwaye ikhudlwana, ukwenzela ukuba ukhuseleko lokuphakanyiswa kwe-aerial luqinisekisiwe ukuya kwinqanaba elikhulu.

2.3 Ukunyuswa kwetrasi engundoqo

(1) Ulandelelwano lokwakha

Ngenxa yokuthintelwa kweemeko zesayithi, ukufakwa kwe-truss kwamkela indlela yokwakha ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye icala. Ulandelelwano lokwakha kufuneka luhlangabezane neemfuno zokuyila umbutho wokwakha kwaye ulawulwe ngokuthobela ngokungqongqo ukuhanjiswa kolwakhiwo.

(2) Ukuphakamisa amajoyinti

Isikhundla sendiza kunye nokuphakama kwenkxaso kufuneka kulungiswe ngokuchanekileyo phambi kokuphakanyiswa kwe-truss, kwaye i-welded ngokuqinileyo ngokweemfuno zemizobo emva kokulungiswa. Ukulinganisa kunye nokubeka i-axis yokubeka i-truss ebusweni benkxaso.

Xa uphakamisa i-joist yonke, ukunyuswa kwamanqaku amabini kuyamkelwa. Ukuze ugweme ukungazinzi kwe-lateral ye-joist eyodwa, iintambo zibekwe kwindawo ye-1/3 ukusuka ekupheleni kwe-joist kumacala omabini e-joist ngexesha lokuphakamisa, kwaye i-joist igxininiswe ngeentambo emva kokuba ifakwe kwindawo.

Xa i-truss iphakanyiswe ngamacandelo amabini, ukunyuswa kwamanqaku amabini kuyamkelwa, icandelo elifutshane liphakanyiswa kuqala, isiphelo esiphezulu sibekwe phezulu kwesakhelo esixhasayo kwaye ukuphakama kulungelelaniswa kunye nemitha yezinga, emva koko, icandelo elide liyaphakanyiswa, kwaye amalungu empundu aphezulu nasezantsi kufuneka adityaniswe ngokuqinileyo phambi kokuba ihuku isuswe yicrane, kwaye ke iintambo phakathi kwamalungu ezimpundu zidityaniswe.

Xa uphakamisa ngoomatshini ababini, isiphelo samacandelo amabini kufuneka aphakanyiswe kuqala. Ubude becandelo eliphakathi kwe-truss lide kunomgama ocacileyo phakathi kwekhonkrithi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-truss ayiyi kuphazamisa isakhiwo sekhonkrithi ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphakamisa, indawo ethe tyaba ye-truss kufuneka ithambekele phambi kokuphakanyiswa ngokusemthethweni. Kwiprojekthi yokuphakamisa, ukuba isenzo se-cranes ezimbini siphakamisa ingalo kunye nengalo ejikayo, kwaye i-radius yokujikeleza iya incinci kwaye incinci, i-coefficient yokhuseleko iya ikhula kwaye ibe nkulu. Ukongezelela, ekubeni ukuphakama kweziphelo ezimbini ze-truss zihluke, zama ukwenza umthwalo weekrane ezimbini zihambelane. Ukuphakamisa kufuneka kusuke kwicala elingasemva, kwaye ikhreyini nganye ithatha inqaku elinye. Weld amalungu ezimpundu kuzo zozibini iziphelo ngokuqinileyo ngokukhawuleza emva kokuhlala, kwaye weld web phakathi kwamalungu empundu emva koko.

2.4 Ukuphakamisa i-sub-truss

Phambi kokuba kunyuswe eyona joist ephambili, isiphelo solawulo lwechowudi ephezulu nasezantsi yejoist yesibini yalinganiswa kwaye yabekwa kwindawo ehambelanayo yenode yesibini, kwaye imbeleko yaxhonywa ukuququzelela ukusebenza kwabasebenzi. Emva kokugqitywa kokuphakanyiswa kweendlela ezimbini eziphambili ezikufutshane, i-trusses yesibini phakathi kwabo yaphakanyiswa ngokukhawuleza, ukwenzela ukuba i-trusses ephambili kunye neyesibini yenze iyunithi ezinzileyo yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo. Emva kokuhlalutya, i-crane boom inokuba phakathi kweetrasi ezimbini eziphambili kuphela xa uphakamisa iitrasi zesibini, kungenjalo inokubangela ukungqubana phakathi kwe-boom kunye neetrasi eziphambili ngenxa yobude obungonelanga be-boom.

(Ukulungiswa kwendawo yokwahlulahlula i-truss kunye nohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwendawo yesikhululo secrane ngokubekwa okufanelekileyo kwendawo yokudityaniswa yamacandelo, ukwandisa ukusebenza kwecrane ukunciphisa inani lokunyuswa kwaye kwangaxeshanye kuncitshiswe inani lamaxesha okutshintsha kwecrane, Ngaphandle koko, zeziphi ezinye iingxaki ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kulwakhiwo lwe-truss enkulu?)

3, Truss Welding Construction

(1) Ukulungiselela

Ngaphambi kwe-welding, i-interface kufuneka icocwe kuluhlu lwe-10-15mm ukususa i-rust kunye namabala angaphezulu kwintsimbi. Ngaphambi kwe-welding esemthethweni, indawo yokuqala kunye ne-arc yokuvala ye-arc ye-welding yendawo kufuneka ifakwe kwi-slope ethambileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ziphene ezifana nemingxuma engaxutywanga kunye ne-shrinkage. Iziphelo zentsimbi yentsimbi kufuneka zigcinwe kwi-welding shrinkage, kwaye kufuneka zilungiswe phambi kwe-welding ngenxa yeempazamo ezinokwenzeka ekuqhubeni nasekuveliseni kunye nokuguqulwa okunokwenzeka kwezothutho.

(2) Ukulawulwa komgangatho

• (1) Fudumeza isidibaniso sentsimbi kwaye ususe ukufuma ngaphambi kokuba udibanise;
• (2)Lawula isantya se-welding, kwaye igalelo lobushushu linokwandiswa ngokufanelekileyo;
• (3) Lawula umlinganiselo wokudibanisa, ukunciphisa umlinganiselo wezinto ezinobungozi kwisiseko sezinto kunye nesinyithi esityhidiweyo kwintsimbi ye-weld;
• (4) Ingcambu yentsimbi ye-weld kufuneka izame ukukhetha i-sulfure ephantsi kunye nomxholo we-phosphorus, umxholo ophezulu we-manganese we-welding consumables ukwenzela ukunyusa ukuqina kunye nokuphucula ukuxhathisa ukusebenza kokuqhekeka kwe-thermal.

(3) Izilumkiso

Umaleko wokuqala wokhuseleko lwe-welding phambi kokuba i-welding isuse umaleko wokuqala wecandelo eliphakanyisiweyo, khangela ukuba i-bevel edge ayixutywanga kwaye idandathekile, ukuba kunjalo, kufuneka isuswe. Gwema ukuchukumisa umda we-bevel xa ugaya amajoyina adibeneyo kunye nezinye iindawo. Sebenzisa i-electrode enkulu yedayamitha kunye nemodareyitha yangoku kwi-welding ethe nkqo, kwaye usebenzise umsinga ophezulu we-welding flat. Umphezulu we-welding precautions umphezulu we-welding kufuneka ukhethwe amancinci amancinci, kwiindawo ze-bevel edge kufuneka zandiswe ixesha lokudityaniswa, ukutshintshwa kwe-electrode kufuneka uzame ukunciphisa ixesha ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphazamiseka kwe-welding.

4, Isicwangciso esingxamisekileyo sokwakhiwa kwetruss

(1) ukusekwa kwendawo yesilumkiso sokhuseleko kwinkqubo yokuphakamisa ukuba umsebenzi awufanelekanga uya kubangela iingozi zokhuseleko, kuchaphazele iprojekthi. Ngoko ke, kufuneka umise indawo isilumkiso, uluhlu lwendawo isilumkiso luphakamisa uluhlu lomsebenzi, umise umntu okhethekileyo ukuba agade indawo yesilumkiso, ulwakhiwo olucacileyo nolumanyeneyo lwenkqubo yomsebenzi we-24h, kwinkqubo yokuphakamisa inqanda abantu ukuba bahambe kwindawo yesehlakalo. .

(2) ukuphakamisa inkqubo yokucwangcisa umntu ukuba abone i-jack, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano ukuphumeza ingxelo yeemeko zokusebenza kwe-jack, ukukhusela i-jack ekukhanyeni kunye nokunye ukungaphumeleli.

(3) Lungiselela ubhaqo lwe-jack ngaxeshanye kodwa ulungiselele umntu okhethekileyo ukuba abone imeko yempompo yeoli, ukuba kukho ukufudumeza, ukuvuza kwe-oyile kunye nokungazinzi kwemveliso yoxinzelelo kufuneka kuxelwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ngokusebenzisa umphathi-mkhosi- inkosi wavuma ukuba ayeke ukusebenza yonke intsimi yokuhlolwa nokugcinwa, kuthintelwe ngokungqongqo imiyalelo unilateral.

(4) Kwinkqubo yokuphakamisa, iintambo kufuneka zibekwe kuzo zombini iziphelo ze-truss ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-truss kunye nokukhusela ukuba ingagungqi.

(5) Yenza umsebenzi we-welding emva kokuphakanyiswa kwindawo echongiweyo, thintela ukutshisa kwe-arc ngexesha le-welding, kwaye ugqume ucingo oludibeneyo kunye nee-ankile.

(6) ukuze kuqinisekiswe inkqubela phambili egudileyo yeprojekthi yokuphakamisa, ngokuhambelana nomgaqo wokhuseleko kuqala, ukuthintela kuqala, ngaphambi kokuba kuphakanyiswe kufuneka kulungiselelwe amanyathelo okhuseleko olungxamisekileyo, ukuphuhlisa amanyathelo okhuseleko ahambelanayo.

(7) abasebenzi abanyusela kwindawo yokunyusela kufuneka banxibe isigcina-ntloko esilungileyo, ukuba umsebenzi okwindawo ephakamileyo kufuneka ubotshwe ngebhanti lokhuseleko. Iingcali zokunxiba uphawu lobuchwephesha, zinikel’ ingqalelo kwimiyalelo yomenzi womqondiso ukuthintela ingozi, umqondiso wokuphatha iflegi, iimpempe kunye nezixhobo zokuthetha.

(8) imisebenzi crane kufuneka bazi ubunzima bento yomsebenzi ukuphepha imisebenzi yomthwalo ogqithisileyo, kwindawo yokuphakamisa ikwimeko efanelekileyo yokubopha intambo yokutyibilika, eyokuqala yokuphakamisa isiqingatha semitha ubude ukujonga amaqhina ayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba qina phambi kokuphakamisa. Kwicandelo ukuphakamisa ingqalelo ukunyuka okucothayo ukuwa okucothayo, kwicandelo kuthintelwe ngokungqongqo ukuma abantu okanye ukubeka amanye amacandelo, ukuze kuthintelwe iingozi zokhuseleko.

(9) Ulwimi lomyaleli womqondiso kunye nomqondiso kufuneka luhambelane nomqhubi, igosa eliphetheyo litshica amagama ngokucacileyo, ukuphepha ukungaqondi, umqhubi we-crane ye- tower crane ukumamela umyalelo womqondiso ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amaqela alungelelanisa umsebenzi ukuphepha iimpazamo. .

(10) izixhobo zensimbi eziwa ngesantya zinciphisa, abasebenzi bokwakha kumacandelo angaphandle abanjwe ngesandla, banqatshelwe ngokungqongqo ukubeka izandla zabo phantsi kwamacandelo okanye amacandelo adibeneyo.