Uhlalutyo lweNtengiso yensimbi

Inkcazo kunye nokuqulunqwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi

Ulwakhiwo lwensimbi yindlela yokwakha yenziwa ziipleyiti zentsimbi, amacandelo ensimbi, imibhobho yentsimbi, iintambo zentsimbi kunye nezinye izinto zensimbi, ezixhunyiwe zii-wels, ii-bolts okanye i-rivets. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iifom zolwakhiwo ezifana nokuqiniswa kwekhonkrithi, i-mandry kunye nezinye izinto ezinobunkunkqele, ubunzima bentsimbi, kwaye zilungele ukulungiswa kwe-wimic, kwaye zilungele ukuqhubela phambili kwezomzi-mveliso, ixesha elifutshane lokwakha, ixesha elifutshane lokwakha. Ngokwezixhobo ezimbalwa ezifana nesamente, isanti kunye negravel zisetyenziswa, iingxaki zokungcoliseka kwendalo ezinje ngothuli, inkunkuma yokwakha kunye nengxolo incitshisiwe kakhulu, ehambelana neemfuno zophuhliso oluzinzileyo.

Njengomnye weyona ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu yokwakha, isakhiwo sensimbi sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulwakhiwo lwezindlu, oomatshini, amandla, amaziko kaMasipala kunye namanye amashishini. Akukho mgangatho ufanayo wendlela yokwakhiwa kwezensi, kwaye inokwahlulwa ibe yi-Steees yentsimbi, indawo etywiniweyo yentsimbi, indawo enombane wensimbi, isakhiwo sensimbi yentsimbi, njl. Njl. (Isakhiwo sefektri esikhanyayo, indawo yokuhlala yentsimbi, njl. Njl.

I-1. Izixhobo ze-SEE

Izixhobo zensimbi yensimbi licandelo elibalulekileyo leshishini lokwenza izixhobo ezinzima, kwaye isantya sophuhliso sezixhobo zensimbi sihambelana kakhulu nesantya sophuhliso semizi mveliso. Izixhobo zentsimbi zinoluhlu olubanzi lweentlobo kunye nezicelo, ezisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizakhiwo ezizodwa, izixhobo ze-races kunye nee-culls zentsimbi (imibhobho yolwandle, izixhobo ze-oyile, izixhobo ze-PROORE, izixhobo zekhemikhali) kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso.

Iqondo lokukhula kwexabiso lezindlu zeSizwe lizinzile, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba imfuno yentengiso ye-SEP yezixhobo ziya kugcina indawo yokuhlala, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zentengiso kulindeleke ukuba kuqhubekeke kuphuculwe. Ngokwandiswa komgangatho wotyalo-mali lwamashishini asakhulayo amanqanaba asahlulelayo njengo "Izibonelelo ezitsha", ukwakhiwa kwe-voltage eyongezelelweyo kunye ne-5G yesiseko esibandakanya imfuno yokukhula kwentsimbi ye-SENI izakhiwo zensimbi. Kwixesha eliphakathi nelide, umgaqo-nkqubo othandekayo uvule indawo enkulu yokukhula, kunye nenqanaba lokukhula kweziseko zophuhliso kungangena kwithuba eliphezulu leqonga. Kwimigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo, kwelinye icala, icala lokuhambisa lokuvuselela ukuhanjiswa komhlaba kunye nemali, kwelinye icala, kwicala lokufuna ukubonelela ngemfuno yeziseko zophuhliso.

I-2. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi

Ekupheleni kuka-2018, bekukho izakhiwo ezili-117 eziphakamileyo ezingaphezulu kwe-250m phantsi kolwakhiwo eTshayina. Izakhiwo eziphezulu eziphezulu-zonyukayo phantsi kolwakhiwo zigxile kwi-250 ~ 400m kunye ne-400 ~ 400m, enezakhiwo ezi-5,1%) ngokwahlukeneyo. Izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo ze-Super-Suprest ikakhulu ubume bekhonkrithi, iyonke i-229 yezakhiwo (75%), kwaye kukho izakhiwo ezili-17 ezimfutshane zentsimbi ngaphezulu kwe-250 m, inika ingxelo malunga ne-6%.

In foreign countries, steel structure accounts for more than 85% of buildings above 200 m. The United States and Japan are the countries that adopt the most steel structure in high-rise buildings. Ukwakhiwa kwe-China e-China kusenendawo engakumbi (kumava ophuhliso kwamanye amazwe asemhlabeni, emva kwe-MDPA ye-Intanethi ifikelela kwi-10%, kuya kubakho enye iminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-15 ngokukhawuleza. Ngexesha leSicwangciso seSicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu, ukufudukela kwe-China, i-China e-China iya kuxhasa ngcono imfuno yomendo ophezulu wezakhiwo ezinzima zelidolophindi.

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Ukwakha isakhiwo sensimbi sensimbi ikakhulu sisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizakhiwo zezityalo ezikhanyayo zeshishini, indawo yentsimbi yensimbi njalo njalo. Isantya sophuhliso sezakhiwo zezityalo ezomzi-mveliso sihambelana kakhulu nesilinganiselo sophuhliso lwamashishini. Uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho lwaseTshayina luzinzo oluzinzileyo, ukukhula okuzinzileyo kwemeko elungileyo ngokuqinisekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo sentsimbi kwicandelo lesityalo semizi-mveliso kuya kugcina imeko yokukhula okuzinzileyo.

In terms of steel structure residence, our country is far away from the level of developed countries. Inkqubo yendawo yokuhlala engaphandle yensimbi yensimbi iye yakhula ngakumbi, iUnited States, i-Australia kunye namanye amazwe kudala isetyenziswe ngaphezulu kwe-5% ye-ostralia, isabelo sensimbi se-Europe, ezinye iinkalo ze-Europes zayamkelayo i-Soulky yohlobo lwentsholongwane.

Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi yaseTshayina lusetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwicandelo le-Super-upend-Super, indawo enkulu yokunyuka kunye nesityalo semizi-mveliso, kunye nesakhiwo sensimbi yoyilo, imigangatho, kunye netekhnoloji yezokwakha nayo iyakhula kakhulu. Ngokukhawulezisa inkqubo yophuhliso yokuphuculwa komzi-mveliso weshishini lokwakha kunye ne-SEEE ye-STEEL SECHEALD, kunye nokukhubazeka kwenqanaba leli lizwe, kunye nendawo yentsimbi yensimbi yeli lizwe, kunye ne-quedmal yesakhiwo sensimbi iya kuba nesicelo esibanzi kunye nophuhliso. Ngo-2020, ezimbini zemisebenzi ephambili ephambili ethunyelwe kwizindlu zikazwelonke kunye nomsebenzi wokwakha wasemaphandleni olwakhiwo lwezindlu zibandakanya izindlu zensimbi. Ukusuka kwimbono yenqanaba lokufunyanwa kwedolophu, ngokwemigangatho ye-dolophu yokufundela i-60%, indawo entsha yokwakha indawo yokwakha inamagumbi okuphuhlisa. Ngokwemisebenzi ephambili yokwakhiwa kwedolophu ekhutshiweyo ngo-2019, urhulumente ufuna ukupasa ngeqela leMfundo, kwaye i-Guangt-hong Sikholelwa ukuba ulwakhiwo lweqela ledolophu eliphakathi luya kuqhuba iziseko zophuhliso kunye notyalo-mali lwezahlulo kuzo zonke iindawo zelizwe kwixesha eliphakathi ukuya kwixesha elide. Kunye nonyuso oluqhubekayo lweqondo lokufundela iidolophu, indawo yentengiso ye-SEE yensimbi iya kwandiswa ngakumbi.

I-Bridge ye-Bridge Imarike yeNtengiso

Imakethi yokuthutha endleleni inesidingo esikhulu sesakhiwo sensimbi kwicandelo lololiwe, indlela enkulu, ukuthuthwa kwedolophu kunye nebhulorho. Ukwakhiwa kololiwe ophakamileyo kwale mihla kufuna ukumelana nefuthe eliphezulu kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lendlela, kwaye kutshanje koololiwe abasandul 'ukutsha kwi-China bamkelwe yi-Chidges enqabileyo kunye nolwakhiwo oluphakathi. Ngokukhawulezisa inkqubo ye-China ye-China, izixeko ezikhulu zelizwe sele ziqalisile umjikelo omtsha wolwakhiwo, olufuna ukwakhiwa kwenani elikhulu lezinto eziphezulu, iibhlodu, iibhlorho zamanzi, i-Bridges, iibhulorho kunye nololiwe.

Utyalomali lwe-China kwicandelo lezothutho ezinjengezixhobo zoololiwe, iindlela, iibhlorho, njl. Ngokutsho kuka-2011 ukuya kwi-2011 ukuya kwi-2011 ukuya ku-2007 ukuthutha I-raulage yendlela yendlela enkulu yafikelela kwiikhilomitha ezili-149,600. Inani leebhlorho zeendlela zanda ukusuka kwi-689,400 ngo-2011 ukuya kwi-878,000 ngo-2019; Phakathi kwawo, iibridges zanda ukusuka kwi-2,341 ngo-2011 ukuya kwi-5,716 ngo-2019, ukunyuka kwe-144.2%. Ngokuphathelele koololiwe, ukwakhiwa koololiwe base China kufike kwinqanaba le-Riprield Reailds ekuhambeni kwendlela "ye-raitudinal kunye neendlela ezintathu zokuhamba ngenqanawa zabakhweli-hambo. Iiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso zoololiwe ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu zisebenzisa iibhulorho eziphakamileyo zentsimbi njengeziseko zendlela, kwaye utyalomali kwiziseko zoncedo lololiwe ziya kuthanda ukukhetha iiprojekthi zebhulorho zebhulorho.

Indawo yeSove

Isakhiwo sensimbi seSpee seSpee sisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ibala lemidlalo, iiholo zemiboniso, iiholo zenkomfa, amaziko omsebenzi, i-terminals, i-terminals, i-terminalicals, izitishi kunye nezinye izakhiwo zikarhulumente ezinkulu. Intsimbi kulula ukuyibona izakhiwo zendawo eziqhubekayo zendawo kunye nokwahluka koyilo ngenxa yokuzibhokoxa, iKhomishini yeNdawo ePhakamileyo yeSikhululo seenqwelomoya. I-2020, kwaye inani liya kuphucula izithuba ezithandathu zesikhululo seenqwelomoya eMantla China, eMantla phange, eMpuma China, uMbindi noMzantsi China; Ngowama-2025, 136 izikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezili-136 ziya kubekwa kwisiseko sezikhululo zeenqwelo moya ezikhoyo (kubandakanya nezikhululo zeenqwelo moya ezakhiwayo), kunye nokwakhiwa kwezikhululo zeenqwelo moya zokuhamba kwezizwe ziya kuba ngama-370. Kulindeleke ukuba ngexesha lesifundo seminyaka eli-14 ubudala, ilizwe liza kusomeleza ulwakhiwo lwezibonelelo ezinje ngezikhululo zeenqwelo moya, eziya kuthi zikhulise iimfuno zentsimbi.

Malunga nezibhedlele, izikolo kunye nezinye izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke, ngoSeptemba 2020, iSebe lezezindlu kunye namanye amasebe ezolimo kunye nezinye izinto ze-9 "zikhuthaze ukwakhiwa kwezezini, kunye nezinye izimvo zokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwensimbi ezikolweni, ezibhedlele, I-Gymnasiums, iivenkile zokuthenga, izakhiwo zeofisi, kunye nezinye izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo sentsimbi. Umzekelo, iBeijing ikhuthaza izikolo, izibhedlele, indawo yokuzivocavoca, izakhiwo ze-ofisi kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezitsha zikawonke-wonke zinika indawo yokuqala yezakhiwo eziphantsi kwentsimbi ye-10,000 (ebandakanyiweyo) okanye ngaphezulu kufuneka isetyenziswe kwizakhiwo zensimbi.