I-shyscrapers yentsimbi

I-Eihe Steeel ye-Steel-Feyscrapes yentsimbi emele ukufundela ubuchule bobunjineli kunye nombono woyilo. Ezi zakhiwo zikhutshiwe azizizo iinyamakazi ezimangalisayo zokwakha kodwa zifanekisela ubuchule boqoqosho kunye nophuhliso lwedolophu.

I-shyscrapers yensimbi yensimbi yensimbi ye-Steyiteract yoyilo echaza imiqondiso kwi-Whiylines ye-Urband kwihlabathi liphela. Ezi zinto ziphakamileyo, zakhiwe zisebenzisa intsimbi njengeyona nto iphambili yolwakhiwo, imele iphinane sobunjineli kunye nempumelelo yoyilo. Nantsi intshayelelo emfutshane kwi-skyscrapers yentsimbi, ibalaselisa iimpawu zazo eziphambili kunye nokubaluleka.

I-1. Iipropathi ezibonakalayo

Intsimbi idume ngenqanaba layo eliphakamileyo-kwi-Rious, evumela ukudalwa kwezinto ezinokukhanya kodwa ezinamandla okuxhasa imithwalo kunye nokuphakama.

Ukuguquguquka kwentsimbi kunye nokuguquguquka kuvumela iindlela zokuyila kunye nezintsonkothileyo, ukuvumela izixhobo kunye neenjineli ukutyhala imida yento enokwenzeka.

2. Imvelaphi yembali

I-skycraper yokuqala yentsimbi yayiyi-skycraper yokuqala yentsimbi yayiyinto yokwakhiwa kwe-inshurensi yaseKhayago, igqityiwe ngo-1884. Lo mgangatho webali eli-10 ubuye wasebenzisa izakhiwo zensimbi njengezakhiwo ezide nezintsonkothileyo.

Ukusukela ngoko, i-skyscrapers enentsimbi ivele kwaye ikhule ngobukhulu kunye nobunzima, ukuba luphawu lwentshutshiso yezoqoqosho kunye nophuhliso lwedolophu.

I-3. Inkqubo yokwakha

Iifreyimu zensimbi zihlala zikhethiwe kwifektri, apho zinqunyulwa, zenziwe, zaza zahlanganisana ukuba zibe ngamacandelo okanye imigangatho. Le nkqubo yokwenziwa kwangaphambili inciphisa ixesha lokwakha indawo kwaye liphucule ukusebenza kakuhle.

Nje ukuba igqitywe, ifreyimu yentsimbi zithuthwayo kwindawo yokwakha kwaye zihlanganisene usebenzisa amaqhinga kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinzima. Iifreyimu zinika isakhiwo se-skeletal yesakhiwo, ngelixa ezinye izinto ezinjengekhonkrithi, iglasi, kunye nokuvalwa zongezwa ukuze kugqitywe ngaphandle.

4. Izibonelelo

I-skycycrapers yentsimbi ikwazi ukufezekisa ubude obukhethekileyo ngenxa yamandla kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi. Oku kuvumela ukudalwa kwezakhiwo zombini ezichukumisayo kwaye zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuguquguquka kwentsimbi kunye nokuguquguquka kuvumela ukuba kubekho uyilo oluninzi, evumela izixhobo zokwakha ukwenza izakhiwo ezizodwa nezinobuhle ezihlangabezana nenqanaba elithile kunye neemfuno zobuhle.

Intsimbi ikwizixhobo ezinokuphinda zisebenziseka, zenza ukuba ii-skyscrapers ezinentsimbi zentsimbi zinobuhlobo kwaye zizinzile.

5. Ukuqukumbela

I-skyscrapers yensimbi yinxalenye yomhlaba wedolophu, emele ukuphakama kwetekhnoloji nempumelelo yoyilo. Amandla abo okufikelela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezingapheliyo ngelixa ugcina ingqibelelo yesakhiwo kunye nesibongozo esibonakalayo siyenze luphawu lwenkqubela phambili nophuhliso. Njengoko itekhnoloji iyaqhubeka ukuqhubela phambili, sinokulindela ukubona ii-shysches zensimbi ezinomtsalane ezithathwa kwixesha elizayo.

Iibhloko zeofisi zangoku ezinenkcukacha zensimbi

Ngokuqinisekileyo, nantsi isishwankathelo esingakumbi kwaye senziwe ngobuchule se-shyscrapeds yentsimbi:

Iinkcukacha ze-shycrapes zensimbi

1. Ubume bolwakhiwo:

● Izinto eziphambili: Intsimbi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo esetyenziswe kwi-shyscrapers yentsimbi. Ikhethwe ngenxa yamandla akhe okhethekileyo kunye nokuqina.

● Uyilo lwesakhelo: Isakhelo sensimbi siquka imiqadi, iikholamu, kunye neebratshi ezidityanisiweyo ukuba zenze isakhiwo esingqongqo nesizinzileyo. Le uyilo luvumela ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinde nezincinci.

2. Inkqubo yokwakha:

● Ukwenziwa kokuqala: Iifremi zensimbi zihlala zikhethwayo kwiifektri zisebenzisa iindlela zobunjineli zobunjineli. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho wamacandelo ngaphambi kokuba zithuthelwe kwindawo yokwakha.

● Indibano: Kwindawo, izinto zensimbi ezazikhuselweyo zihlanganisene zisebenzisa amaqhinga kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinzima. Iifreyimu emva koko zakhiwa, kunye nemigangatho yongezwa njengoko isakhiwo siphuma.

3. Izibonelelo:

● Amandla: Insimbi inamandla amakhulu e-subile, ivumela ukuba ikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo enzima kunye neemeko zemozulu ezinzima. Oku kwenza ukuba ii-skycys zentsimbi zilungele ngokukhethekileyo kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo.

● Ukuqina: Intsimbi iqine kakhulu kwaye ihlala ihleli iminyaka engamashumi eminyaka ilungiswa ngokufanelekileyo.

● Yila i-bhedxus: Ukuguqula intsimbi inceda ukudalwa kweendlela ezixineneyo kunye nezinobuchule bokwenza i-skyscrapers.

● Kwindawo enobuhlobo kwindalo: Intsimbi zizinto ezinokuphinda zisebenze, ukunciphisa ifuthe lokwakha lwendalo yokwakha i-skyscraper.

4. Amanani athile kunye nolwazi:

● Amandla: Intsimbi inamandla e-thanseng ukusuka kwi-400 ukuya kwi-700 MPA (i-megapascals), ivumela ukuba ixhase imithwalo.

● Ukuqina: Ngolungiso oluchanekileyo, izakhiwo ezinensimbi zinokuhlala ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100.

● Ubunzima: Iifremi zensimbi zihlala zilula kunezizakhelo zekhonkrithi, ukunciphisa ubunzima besakhiwo kunye nemfuno yesiseko esinzulu.

5. Inkqubela-phambili yakutshanje:

● Uyilo olunokutsha oluyintsha kubuNjineli kunye neTekhnoloji yenze ukuba kubekho ukudalwa kwemfazwe engathandekiyo kunye nobuchule bokwenza i-skyscrapers yentsimbi.

● Ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo: Amagqabantshintshi amaninzi anentsimbi yentsimbi ngoku yenzelwe ukuba isebenze ngokufanelekileyo, isebenzisa izixhobo ezizinzileyo kunye netekhnoloji.

Isishwankathelo se-skyscrapes esinentsimbi sinika izibonelelo ezininzi, kubandakanya amandla aphezulu, ukuqina, ukulungisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokuzinza kwendalo. Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zobugcisa ezichanekileyo kunye nezinto ezizinzileyo ziqinisekisa ukuba ezi zakhiwo aziphindi kuphela kodwa okusixhobo.

Nazi imibuzo emihlanu ebuzwa rhoqo (i-FAQ) malunga ne-shyscrapers yensimbi:

1.Zithini izibonelelo eziphambili zokusebenzisa izakhelo zensimbi yokufumana i-skyscrapers?

Impendulo:

● Amandla kunye nokuqina: Iifreyimu zentsimbi zibonelela ngamandla amakhulu kunye nokuqina, ukuvumela ii-skiyscrapers zokumelana neemeko zemozulu ezigqithileyo kunye nemisebenzi ye-seismic.

● Ukuguquguquka koyilo: I-Steyility yentsimbi inika ukudalwa kweendlela ezixineneyo nezinobuchule bokwenza i-skyscrapers.

● Ukukhetha ukwenziwa: Izinto zentsimbi zangaphambili zinokudityaniswa ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo indawo, ukunciphisa ixesha lokwakha.

● Ukuzinza kwendalo: Intsimbi yinto esetyenziswayo, ukunciphisa ifuthe lokwakha kwendalo.

I-FAQ 2: Ithini i-sk-sk

2. I-shyscries ene-skyned ithelekisa njani i-skyscrapers yekhonkrithi?

Impendulo:

● Iifreyimu zensimbi zihlala zilula kunezifundo zekhonkrithi, ukunciphisa ubunzima besakhiwo. Oku kunokuguqulela ukonga iindleko kulwakhiwo lweziseko.

● Iifreyimu zensimbi zivumela ukwakhiwa okukhawulezileyo xa kuthelekiswa nekhonkrithi, njengoko izinto zentsimbi zangaphambili zinokudityaniswa ngokukhawuleza.

● Nangona iifreyimu zekhonkrithi zibonelela ngokuchasene nomlilo ongcono kunemitha yentsimbi.

3.Yintoni imiceli mngeni enxulumene nokwakha i-skyscrapers yensimbi?

Impendulo:

● Ukukhuselwa komlilo ngumceli mngeni ophambili kwii-skyscrapers zentsimbi. Intsimbi ilahlekelwe ngamandla xa ityhilwe kubushushu obuphezulu, ngoko ke iingubo ezizodwa zokunganyangeki ziyafuneka.

● I-Sorision ngolunye ucelomngeni, njengoko intsimbi inesithukuthezi ukuba ingakhathalelwanga ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ulondolozo olululo kunye neengubo ziyafuneka ukuthintela ukususwa.

● Ixabiso lensimbi linokutshintsha kakhulu, lichaphazela iindleko zokwakha i-skycraper enensimbi.

4. I-Shyscrapes ye-Steeled igalelo kwiindlela zokwakha ezizinzileyo?

Impendulo:

.

● Iifreyimu zensimbi zivumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu koyilo, ukuvumela ukudityaniswa kweempawu ezizinzileyo ezinje ngophahla oluhlaza, iiphatho zesola, kunye nokufumana amandla ngokufanelekileyo.

● Izinto zentsimbi zangaphambili zinciphisa inkunkuma kwiindawo zokwakha.

5.Yintoni eminye imizekelo ye-skyscries edumileyo yensimbi?

Impendulo:

● ISakhiwo SoMbuso kuRhulumente kwiNew York City, eUnited States, ngumzekelo odumileyo we-skycraper enensimbi. Igqityiwe ngo-1931, ime kwi-102 amabali amade.

● I-Indis tower (eyayisakuba ngaphambili i-Sears tower) eChicago, eUnited States, yenye into ethengiswayo yentsimbi. Yeyona nto inde kakhulu emhlabeni kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 emva kokuba kugqitywe ngo-1973.

● I-Burj Khalifa eDubai, i-UAE, yesakhiwo esiphakamileyo sehlabathi, ngefreyidi yentsimbi yentsimbi. Ime kwi-163 imigangatho nangaphezulu kwe-828 yeemitha ubude.