Amaziko okuThenga aneziXhobo zentsimbi eziDityanisiweyo ezinkulu

Amaziko okuthenga e-EIHE Steel Structure anezakhiwo ezinkulu zetsimbi ezidibeneyo zinika ukudibanisa kweenzuzo zesakhiwo, ukuguquguquka koyilo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokwakhiwa, ukuzinza, kunye nesibheno sobuhle.

Amaziko okuthenga anezakhiwo ezinkulu zetsimbi ezihlanganisiweyo zakhiwo zorhwebo ezisebenzisa isakhelo sentsimbi njengesiseko senkqubo yokuxhasa isiseko. Olu hlobo lolwakhiwo lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kuphuhliso olukhulu lwentengiso. Nanga amanye amanqaku aphambili malunga nodederhu lweevenkile zentsimbi:

Iimpawu zoLwakhiwo:

Isakhiwo esiphambili somthwalo wamaziko okuthenga kunye nezakhiwo ezinkulu zetsimbi ezihlanganisiweyo zibandakanya iikholomu zetsimbi, iiplanga kunye neetrasi.

Izakhelo zentsimbi zibonelela ngokugqwesileyo kokuxhathisa kwenyikima, umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo, kunye nokuqina, nto leyo ezenza ukuba zilungele iindawo zokuthenga ezinemizila ebanzi.

Uyilo lwentsimbi luvumela izithuba ezinkulu, zivumela iindawo zangaphakathi ezivulekileyo neziguquguqukayo.

Iingqwalasela zoyilo:

Uyilo lwesakhelo sentsimbi yokuthenga ivenkile luthathela ingqalelo iimfuno zokusebenza, ubume bendawo, kunye nenkangeleko yobuhle besakhiwo.

Ulwakhiwo lwensimbi kufuneka lwenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla, ukuzinza, kunye nokuqina ngelixa siqwalasela ukufaneleka kokwakhiwa kunye nokuphumelela kweendleko.

Izinto ezikhethwayo zibandakanya amashiti entsimbi ashushu-diphu, intsimbi egqunywe ngombala, kunye nezinye izinto ezigqityiweyo zokuphucula ukuxhathisa umhlwa kunye nobuhle.

Izinto eziluncedo:

Amaziko okuthenga anezakhiwo ezinkulu zentsimbi ezihlanganisiweyo zinika isantya sokwakha ngokukhawuleza kunye nemijikelo emifutshane yokwakha xa kuthelekiswa nezakhiwo zekhonkrithi zemveli.

Insimbi yinto enokuphinda isetyenziswe, ihambelana nesakhiwo esiluhlaza kunye nemigaqo yophuhliso oluzinzileyo.

Ukuguquguquka kwesakhelo sentsimbi kuvumela ukucwangciswa kwendawo okwahlukeneyo ukulungiselela uluhlu lweefomathi zokuthengisa kunye neemfuno zabaqeshi.

Imizekelo yeHlabathi yokwenyani:

Ngokwesiqhelo, iivenkile zokuthenga isakhelo sentsimbi zibandakanya izinto ezinje ngolwakhiwo olunophahla olubanzi, amangeno afakwe kwi-cantilevered, kunye neefaçades zeglasi ezicacileyo ukwenza izitayile zokwakha ezahlukileyo kunye neendawo zokuthenga.

Abaqulunqi bajonga izinto ezifana nejoloji, imozulu, kunye neemeko zendlela ukuphuhlisa izisombululo ezifanelekileyo zoyilo lweprojekthi nganye.

Iindleko kunye nokufumaneka:

Iindleko zamaziko okuthenga anezakhiwo ezinkulu zentsimbi ezidibeneyo zixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa iindleko zempahla, ubunzima boyilo, kunye nobunzima bokwakha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukwakhiwa kwesakhelo sentsimbi kunokuba neendleko eziphezulu kancinci kunezakhiwo zekhonkrithi zendabuko.

Uninzi lwabavelisi bentsimbi kunye neenkampani zokwakha zisebenza ngokukhethekileyo ekuboneleleni ngoyilo, ukwenziwa, kunye neenkonzo zokwakha kwiivenkile zentsimbi.

Isishwankathelo, iivenkile zokuthenga zentsimbi zibonelela ngesisombululo esomeleleyo nesiguquguqukayo sesakhiwo sophuhliso olukhulu lokuthengisa, ukubonelela ngeenzuzo ezisebenzayo kunye nobuhle.

Iinkcukacha zesakhiwo seofisi yentsimbi

Xa kuziwa kwiiNdawo zokuthenga zeSteel Frame, nazi ezinye iinkcukacha eziphambili ngendlela ecacileyo necwangcisiweyo:

1. Isishwankathelo sesakhiwo

● Uyilo: Iifreyimu zentsimbi zivumela ukudala iindawo ezinkulu, ezivulekileyo kunye neesilingi eziphezulu, ezibonelela ngovakalelo kunye nokuthuthuzela.

● Ubungakanani: Ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo kunye nendawo, iivenkile zokuthenga eziziintsimbi zentsimbi zinokusuka kumaziko amancinane asebumelwaneni ukuya kudederhu lweevenkile ezinkulu zommandla okanye zommandla omkhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ivenkile yasePrada Aoyama eTokyo, eJapan, inomgangatho omalunga nama-2,800 square metres (30,140 square feet) kwaye iziimitha ezingama-33 ubude.

● Iileya: Ezi venkile zininzi zidla ngokuba namanqanaba ahlukeneyo, amanani ahluka ngokwesayizi kunye noyilo. Ivenkile yePrada Aoyama inemigangatho eyi-8 ngaphezu komhlaba kunye ne-1 phantsi komhlaba.

2. Amacandelo oLwakhiwo

● Iintsika zentsimbi kunye neMiqadi: Ezi zezona zinto zisisiseko zesakhiwo ezixhasa umgangatho, iindonga nophahla lwale mall. Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngaphandle kwendawo kwaye zihlanganiswe kwindawo yokwakha.

● Imibhobho enguNdoqo: Ixhaphakile kwizakhiwo ezide, iityhubhu eziphambili kwiilifti zendlu, izinyuko, amagumbi okuhlambela nakwiinkqubo zoomatshini. Kwivenkile yePrada Aoyama, iibhubhu eziphambili zenziwe ngetsimbi kwaye zinceda ukudala indawo yangaphakathi engabonakaliyo.

● Amalungu eBracing kunye neBridge: La macandelo anika uzinzo kwaye axhathise imithwalo esecaleni, efana nomoya okanye iinyikima.

3. Inkqubo yokwakha

● I-prefabrication: Amacandelo ensimbi ayenziwa kwindawo elawulwayo esebenzisa oomatshini abachanekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho.

● INdibano: Amacandelo asele enziwe ngaphambili athunyelwa kwisiza kwaye adityaniswe kusetyenziswa iibholiti, iiwelds, okanye indibaniselwano yazo zombini. Le nkqubo ikhawuleza kwaye isebenze ngakumbi kunokwakhiwa kwekhonkrithi yemveli.

4. Izinto eziluncedo

● Ukomelela Nokuyomelela: Intsimbi yomelele, ikhaphukhaphu, yaye iyamelana nomlilo, izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo nokubola.

● Ukuguquguquka: Ukuqulunqwa kwentsimbi kuvumela ukulungiswa lula kunye nokwandiswa, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yokuthengisa iimarike ezikhula ngokukhawuleza.

● Ukuzinza: Isinyithi sisixhobo esinokuphinda sisetyenziswe, kwaye ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi olusakhelo luvelisa inkunkuma encinci kuneendlela zokwakha zemveli.

5. IiNgcaciso zobuGcisa

● ImiGangatho yokuSebenza: Ukuqulunqwa kwentsimbi ngokuqhelekileyo kuhambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe njenge-ASTM okanye i-EN, iqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko.

● Umthamo wokuLawulwa: Ifreyim yentsimbi yenzelwe ukuxhasa imithwalo ebekwe ngabahlali baloo mall, izixhobo kunye noluhlu lwempahla.

● Ukukhuselwa koMlilo: Izixhobo ezongezelelweyo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo okanye iingubo zokwaleka zingasetyenziswa kwisakhelo sentsimbi ukuphucula ukulinganiswa komlilo.

Isishwankathelo, amaziko okuthenga anezakhiwo ezinkulu zentsimbi ezidibeneyo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi malunga nokuguquguquka koyilo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokwakhiwa, kunye nokuqina. Ngobuchule babo bokwenza indawo yangaphakathi evulekileyo, evulekileyo kunye nokumelana nemithwalo enzima, ukuyila intsimbi kuhlala kulukhetho oludumileyo kuphuhliso lwentengiso kwihlabathi liphela.

Nantsi imibuzo emihlanu ebuzwa rhoqo (FAQ) malunga namaziko okuthenga anezakhiwo ezinkulu zentsimbi ezidibeneyo

1. Zeziphi iingenelo eziphambili zokusebenzisa iifreyimu zentsimbi kudederhu lweevenkile?

Impendulo: Iifreyimu zentsimbi zibonelela ngeengenelo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kudederhu lweevenkile. Benza ukudalwa kweendawo ezinkulu, ezivulekileyo kunye neesilingi eziphezulu, ezibonelela ngombono wobubanzi kunye nokuthuthuzela. Intsimbi yomelele, ikhaphukhaphu, kwaye iyamelana nomlilo, izinambuzane kunye nokubola. Ivumela ukuguqulwa okulula kunye nokwandiswa, okwenza kube lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiimarike zokuthengisa ezikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ukongezelela, insimbi yinto enokuphinda isetyenziswe, igalelo ekuzinzeni kwamaziko okuthenga kunye nezakhiwo ezinkulu zensimbi ezidibeneyo.

2. Inkqubo yokwakhiwa kwamaziko okuthenga kunye nezakhiwo ezinkulu zentsimbi ezidibeneyo zihluke njani kwiindlela zokwakha eziqhelekileyo?

Impendulo: Inkqubo yokwakhiwa kwamaziko okuthenga anezakhiwo ezinkulu zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo zahluke kakhulu kwiindlela zesiqhelo zokwakha ikhonkrithi. Izixhobo zentsimbi zenziwe ngaphandle kwendawo zisebenzisa oomatshini bokuchaneka okuphezulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho. Kanye kwisiza, amacandelo asele enziwe adityaniswa kusetyenziswa iibholiti, iiwelds, okanye indibaniselwano yazo zombini. Le ndlela yokwakhiwa kwangaphambili kunye nemodyuli ikhokelela kulwakhiwo olukhawulezayo nolusebenzayo xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli.

3. Ziziphi iimpawu zobugcisa eziqhelekileyo zamaziko okuthenga kunye nezakhiwo ezinkulu zentsimbi ezidibeneyo?

Impendulo: Iimpawu zobugcisa be-steel frame mall mall ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo oluthile kunye neemfuno. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi, ukwenza isakhelo sentsimbi ngokuqhelekileyo kuhlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe efana ne-ASTM okanye i-EN, iqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko. Ifreyim yentsimbi iyilelwe ukuxhasa imithwalo ebekwe ngabahlali baloo mall, izinto ezilungiswayo, kunye noluhlu lwempahla. Izixhobo ezongezelelweyo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo okanye iingubo zokwaleka zingasetyenziswa kwifreyim yentsimbi ukuphucula umlinganiselo wayo womlilo.

4. Ukusetyenziswa kwefreyimu yentsimbi kunachaphazela njani ukuzinza kodederhu lweevenkile?

Impendulo: Ukusetyenziswa kwefreyim yentsimbi kunegalelo ekuzinzeni kodederhu lweevenkile ngeendlela ezininzi. Intsimbi yimathiriyeli enokuphinda isetyenziswe, kwaye ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi lwesakhelo luvelisa inkunkuma encinci kuneendlela zokwakha zesintu. Ukongezelela, ukuqulunqwa kwensimbi kuvumela ukuguqulwa lula kunye nokwandiswa, ukunciphisa imfuno yokudilizwa kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona ngexesha. Oku kwandisa ubomi bodederhu lweevenkile, kwandisa ngakumbi uzinzo.

5. Yiyiphi eminye imizekelo yamaziko okuthenga anezakhiwo ezinkulu zetsimbi ezihlanganisiweyo ezinoyilo olulodwa?

Impendulo: Kukho imizekelo emininzi yamaziko okuthenga anezakhiwo ezinkulu zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo ezinoyilo olulodwa. Umzekelo, ivenkile yePrada Aoyama eTokyo, eJapan, isebenzisa isakhelo sentsimbi ukwenza indawo yangaphakathi ebanzi nebukekayo. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya iindawo zokuthenga ezinophahla olulodwa, ezifana nesakhiwo seglasi seZiko lokuThenga laseChadstone eOstreliya, elivumela ukukhanya kwendalo ukuba kukhukulise ngaphakathi. Olu luyilo lubonisa ukuguquguquka kunye nobuchule obunokwenzeka ngokufaka isakhelo sentsimbi kulwakhiwo lweevenkile.