Intshayelelo yokuvuza kophahla lwesakhiwo sentsimbi

Isakhiwo sentsimbiluhlobo oluxhaphakileyo lwesakhiwo, ngenxa yeenzuzo zalo zexesha elifutshane lokwakha, i-span enkulu, amandla aphezulu, njl., isetyenziswa ngakumbi kwizityalo ezibanzi, iindawo, izakhiwo zoluntu kunye nezinye izakhiwo. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokuvuza kophahla kunye neengxaki zokuphuma kwamanzi kwizityalo zesakhiwo sentsimbi zichaphazele ngokunzulu umsebenzi wazo wokusetyenziswa.

Kweli phepha, sizama ukuqala ukusuka kwinqanaba loyilo lwangaphambili, isigaba sokwakha, kunye nesigaba sokugcina ukucacisa amanyathelo okuthintela ukuvela kokuvuza kophahla kwizakhiwo zefektri yesakhiwo sensimbi. Kwelinye icala, kufuneka siqale kumthombo woyilo, kwaye senze umsebenzi olungileyo wesakhiwo sentsimbi uyilo lophahla ngokweempawu zesakhiwo sesityalo sesakhiwo sentsimbi, kwelinye icala, kufuneka silawule ngokungqongqo umgangatho wokwakha ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakha. , kwaye uyila i-node practice ngokwemizobo emihle. Kwaye nokwenza umsebenzi olungileyo wolondolozo emva kokuba isityalo sesakhiwo sentsimbi sisetyenziswe.

Imilinganiselo yesigaba soyilo

1, Yandisa ukuthambeka kophahla

Ubuchwephesha bobuchwephesha besakhiwo sentsimbi yesakhelo se-portal yendlu yokukhanya ichaza ukuba ithambeka lophahla lwendlu yokukhanya yesakhelo se-portal kufuneka libe yi-1/8 ~ 1/20, kwindawo enamanzi amaninzi emvula, kukhethwa ukuthatha ixabiso elikhulu, kwaye I-slope yephahla yendawo esemazantsi akufanele ibe ngaphantsi kwe-5%.

Iiyunithi zoyilo ukwenzela ukuhlangabezana neyunithi yokwakha ukugcina imali, ukunciphisa iimfuno zotyalo-mali lweprojekthi, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha ixabiso elincinci. Njengoko i-slope ye-roofing incinci, okubangelwa ukukhupha uphahla olucothayo, amanzi emvula akakwazi ukukhutshwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, eshiya iingxaki ezifihlakeleyo kumanzi ophahleni.

Ngoko ke, ngokwemigaqo yoyilo, okokuqala, kufuneka ihambelane ngokungqongqo kunye neenkcukacha zoyilo, kungekhona ngenxa yokugcinwa kweendleko kunye nokunciphisa ngokungekho mthethweni isalathiso sokuyila, ngexesha elifanayo kufuneka zidibaniswe nokusetyenziswa kweyona meko yommandla. kuyilo lwesiza, uyilo kufuneka luthatyathwe kwixesha elikhulu lokuphinda kuphinde kubekho imvula.

Uyilo lwe-roof purlin kufuneka lugcinwe, lungagcini ngokuyimfama intsimbi kunye nokunciphisa ukuphakama kwebha. Ukuba i-cross-section of roof purlin yenziwe incinci kakhulu kwaye isithuba sisikhulu kakhulu, i-deformation ye-bar kunye ne-compression plate phantsi komthwalo womoya iya kuba nkulu kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwe-bar kunye ne-cross-section kuthatha ixabiso eliphezulu, elilungele ukuthintela uphahla ekuphambukeni okungalinganiyo kunye nokuphepha ukwenzeka kokuqokelela kwamanzi phezu kophahla.

2, Ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zangaphandle zokuhambisa amanzi

Inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi emvula ephahleni ye-workshop yesakhiwo sensimbi inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi yangaphandle kunye nenkqubo yangaphakathi yokuhambisa amanzi.

Isixokelelwano sangaphandle sokuhambisa amanzi kukusebenzisa umjelo wophahla ukukhupha amanzi emvula ngokuthe ngqo kumbhobho wangaphandle ongaphandle kumbhobho wamanzi emvula ongaphandle okanye i-nullah yokuhambisa amanzi.

Inkqubo yangaphakathi yokuhambisa amanzi isebenzisa umbhobho wangaphakathi wamanzi emvula ukukhupha amanzi emvula kumbhobho wangaphandle wamanzi emvula.

Steel isakhiwo plant uphahla oluthambekileyo kabini kunye nezinye iindlela uphahla icala span umjelo ukuba nxamnye udonga lwangaphandle umjelo ingasetyenziselwa ukuvala inkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi angaphandle ngqo ukuphelisa amanzi emvula, idreyini umphumo kuhle kakhulu, okoko nje ukubala ngokwengqiqo, ngokubanzi ayisayi kuvelisa isenzeko sokuqubha kwamanzi.

Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi yangaphandle ayikhawulelwanga ngumthamo we-gutter kunye nezinye iimeko, ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kuhamba kakuhle. Ngoko ke, inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi yangaphandle kufuneka isetyenziswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

3, Yandisa ubunzulu bomjelo

Xa kuthelekiswa nophahla lwekhonkrithi oluqinisiweyo, ubunzulu be-gutter bophahla lwensimbi bukhawulelwe, kwaye akukho sakhiwo esiqhubekayo sokukhusela amanzi phakathi kwe-gutter kunye nophahla, ngoko kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mvula yamanzi xa i-gutter ingenamanzi.

Yenzeka kakhulu kumjelo wokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nophahla lwepaneli ewelanayo, eyaziwa njenge-roofwater backwater, ikwayenzeka xa kudityaniswa izinyusi zamanzi emvula kunye negutter.

Ngenxa yeempawu zomjelo wangaphandle, akukho ngxaki enjalo. Umjelo wangaphakathi wenziwa ubukhulu becala nge-3mm ~ 4mm yentsimbi engqindilili yepleyiti egobileyo, ubunzulu bomsele buhlala buphakathi kwe-160mm ~ 250mm. Amalungu e-Lap kunye ne-bridging joints zizinto ezimbini eziphambili. Umthungo we-Bridging unxulumene ikakhulu nomgangatho wokwakha, ipleyiti yentsimbi ecekethekileyo kunye nentsimbi yentsimbi yokuwelda, ukulawula umgangatho wemithungo edityanisiweyo kwaye wenze umsebenzi olungileyo kulwakhiwo oludityanisiweyo lwerusi olungangenwa manzi.

I-Lap joint ayiyongxaki yokwakha kuphela, kwaye uyilo nalo lunxulumene ngokusondeleyo, apho kunokwenzeka, kufuneka lufanele ukunyusa ubunzulu be-gutter, ukuze imvula yegutter ingagqithisi i-lap joint.

4, Ukufakelwa kwamanyathelo okuphuphuma kophahla

Ubunzulu bomsele buyilelwe ukuba bube buncinci, ngokuqhelekileyo buphakathi kwe-160mm kunye ne-250mm. Ngale ndlela, kwiimeko zemozulu embi kakhulu yemvula, isixa esikhulu samanzi emvula ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu kwi-gutter, imvula enkulu idlula inkqubo yoyilo lokukhupha umthamo wokukhupha amanzi, okubangelwa "umva" okwenzekayo, okukhokelela kwiingozi.

Kwaye ukunyusa ubunzulu bomjelo kunemida ethile, ngoko ke kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukubeka amanyathelo okuphuphuma kophahla, kuyilo lwezicwangciso zesakhiwo kufuneka ziphawulwe indlela yokuphuphuma kwezibuko kunye nendawo.

Ukuphuphuma kwezibuko ngowona mxholo ubalulekileyo wenkqubo yamanzi emvula eluphahleni, inkcazo ibonelela ukuba iprojekthi yophahla lophahla lwamanzi emvula kufuneka imiselwe izibonelelo zokuphuphuma, umthamo wokukhupha amanzi emvula kwizakhiwo eziqhelekileyo akukho ngaphantsi kwe-10a ixesha lokuvelisa, isakhiwo esibalulekileyo se-50a . Ke ngoko, misela izibuko eliphuphumayo kwiziphelo zombini zodonga, kubude begutter ubude bomsele, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe eludongeni lwentombi rhoqo nge-6m ~ 12m ukuseka izibuko lokuphuphuma.

5, Nciphisa ukuvuleka kophahla

Ngenxa yesidingo sokufakela imibhobho kunye nokufakelwa kwezixhobo, kudla ngokuyimfuneko ukwenza imingxuma eluphahleni lwesakhiwo sensimbi. Umkhuba wokuvula imingxuma eluphahleni utshabalalisa isakhiwo esipheleleyo sophahla lwesityalo, kwaye indawo yokuvula uphahla yenye yeengozi ezinkulu zokuvuza kophahla lwesityalo sensimbi.

Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukugcina usuku lwemvula kwi-design, kwaye izivulo kufuneka zingabi namanzi ngokwe-design node. Ukuba kuncitshiswe inani lokuvuleka kophahla, njengepayipi yokukhupha inokuthi ithathelwe indawo yeendawo zokuvula ngodonga.

Xa inani elikhulu imingxunya kufuneka zivulwe ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kunye neemfuno uyilo, cinga ukuseta konkqonkqo cast-in-indawo isakhiwo kwicala lentsimbi uphahla uphahla unit ezizimeleyo, imfuneko yokufikelela uphahla izixhobo zombhobho. amalungiselelo abekwe kwindawo enye kule yunithi, ngaloo ndlela ukuthintela ngempumelelo umngcipheko wokuvuza!

6, Ukwandisa ngokufanelekileyo inani kunye nobubanzi bemibhobho yamanzi emvula

Inani kunye nobubanzi bemibhobho yamanzi emvula yenye yeemeko ezinciphisa umthamo wenkqubo yokukhupha amanzi emvula.

Inani lombhobho wamanzi emvula lincinci, amanzi emvula ecaleni komgama wokuhamba kwegutter, ixesha elide, okubangela "ukuxinana"; Uyilo lwedayamitha yombhobho wamanzi emvula luncinci kakhulu, kodwa kulula ukukhupha amanzi emvula alugudi, okukhokelela “kumanzi angasemva”.

Ngoko ke, ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe ngokufanelekileyo ukwandisa inani lemibhobho yamanzi emvula kunye nobubanzi bombhobho, ubuncinane ubuncinane kumzuzu ngamnye wekholomu. Kwaye kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ekukhethweni okufanelekileyo kwezinto zombhobho wemvula, njengokusetyenziswa kombhobho weplastiki, amandla amabi, kulula ukonakala, ngoko kufuneka sizame ukuphepha.

Amanyathelo ngexesha lesigaba sokwakha

1. Into yomntu

Khetha iqela labakhi eligqwesileyo nelinamava. Iqela lokwakha kunye neziqinisekiso zabasebenzi kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno, kwaye abaqhubi abakhethekileyo abafana nabashiseli kufuneka babe neziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo. Abasebenzi abasebhodini kufuneka benze umsebenzi omhle wokunika ingxelo ngobugcisa kunye noqeqesho, kwaye benze umsebenzi omhle wokujonga inkqubo nganye yokwakha, ngaphandle kokuyeka nayiphi na ingxaki efihlakeleyo enokubangela iingxaki zokuvuza kophahla. Ukufakwa kwenkqubo yokuphahla kwensimbi yikhonkco yokwakha enomxholo ophezulu wobugcisa kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu wokhuseleko, omele ugqitywe ngabasebenzi bokwakha abakumgangatho ophezulu abanamava okwakha acebileyo.

2, Izinto zemathiriyeli

Izindlu zesakhiwo sensimbi ziqulunqwe ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto zokwakha, indima ebalulekileyo engathandabuzekiyo.

Izixhobo kufuneka zamkelwe kwangoko, jonga isatifikethi sokuthotyelwa kunye nengxelo yovavanyo lwezixhobo ezingenayo, kwaye izinto ezibalulekileyo kufuneka zithunyelwe kuvavanyo kwakhona lwesampulu. Kwinkqubo yokwakhiwa kophahla lwentsimbi, umgangatho weplate yentsimbi yoxinzelelo, ipleyiti yegutter, izinto zokuwelda, izinto zokutywina kunye neerivets kufuneka ziqinisekiswe ngokungqongqo ukuze kupheliswe ukuvuza okufihliweyo kwengozi. Kwezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zokwakha zinokuchazwa kwi-brand yokuthengwa kwekhontrakthi, kwaye ubeke izinto ezibonakalayo kwintsimi, kuphela izinto zokwakha ezinezixhobo ezipheleleyo zokuqinisekisa umgangatho ezinokusetyenziswa kwiprojekthi.

3, Indlela yokwakha

Iyunithi yokwakha kufuneka iseke kwaye iphucule inkqubo yolawulo lwenkqubo, iindawo eziphambili zomngcipheko wokuvuza kufuneka zilungiselelwe isikhokelo sokusebenza, ukuqinisa ulawulo lwenkqubo yokwakha, kunye nokuphumeza ngokunyanisekileyo imigangatho yenkqubo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza zokuphucula umgangatho wofakelo.

Imiyalelo yokusebenza kufuneka isekelwe kwimizobo yoyilo lwe-node, kufuneka ibandakanye inqanaba lemveliso yenkqubo nganye, umgangatho womgangatho ngamnye, iimfuno zobugcisa, kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuphuhliswa kwamanyathelo athile, njengamacandelo aphambili. yeendlela zokucubungula, amacandelo enkqubo yokufakela, imilinganiselo yenkqubo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo se-node sinengqiqo, sinokuthenjwa, akukho ukuvuza, ukubonakala kakuhle. Kuba lula ukwenzeka ukuvuza umngcipheko amacandelo ibhodi ukukhanya, iindawo zokuvula uphahla, iindawo gable, iindawo ezikhukulayo, umjelo, iemele, iindawo zoqhagamshelo eziphakamileyo neziphantsi kunye nezinye iindawo eziphambili, ukwenza inkqubo nganye engqongqo yokwamkelwa komgangatho, ukuphunyezwa kwe-site. inkqubo yoxanduva lomgangatho wokwakha.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo esigaba sokulondoloza

Ngethuba lokusetyenziswa kwesityalo sesakhiwo sensimbi, amacandelo akhubazekile kwaye izinto zokutywina ziyaguga ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga, imvula kunye nokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa. Ngoko ke, emva kokungena kwinqanaba lokusetyenziswa, kufuneka kwakhona kuqhutywe ukugcinwa okuyimfuneko kwaye ugweme ezinye izenzo ezingafanelekanga.

I-1, iglue engenamanzi, ukuguga kwe-sealant, ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo kufuneka kube yimfuneko ukujonga ukugcinwa.

I-2, i-roof strip ayinakunyuswa ngokuthanda kumthwalo, abantu banyathela, kulula ukukhokelela kwi-deformation yepaneli yophahla.

3, I-castor yamanzi emvula iqokelela ukungcola okungakumbi, kukho ukuvaleka kwamanzi. Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kumjelo kumbhobho umbhobho cap kufuneka asebenzise uhlobo ibhola umbhobho umbhobho, akufuneki asebenzise umbhobho castor flat, ukunciphisa isenzeko blockage.

4, indawo yokuvuza kophahla ukuze kuhlolwe okubalulekileyo, ngakumbi ngaphambi kwexesha lesikhukula sonyaka, ukomeleza ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa, ukunciphisa ukuvuza kophahla kwimveliso kunye nobomi bempembelelo embi.