Izindlu zoLwakhiwo lweNsimbi eziPhakamileyo eziDityanisiweyo

Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi lwe-EIHE Ulwakhiwo oluphezulu oludityanisiweyo lwezindlu zentsimbi yindlela yolwakhiwo lwangoku kunye nentsha ebonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kwiindlela zokwakha zesintu. Isantya salo sokwakha, amandla kunye nokuqina, ukuguquguquka koyilo, kunye nokugcinwa kokusingqongileyo kwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala eziphakamileyo.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zezindlu ezidibeneyo zesakhiwo sensimbi yisantya sayo sokwakha. Amacandelo ensimbi anokuveliswa ngaphandle kwendawo kwindawo elawulwayo, eqinisekisa umgangatho wabo kunye nokuchaneka. Oku kuvumela ukudibanisa ngokukhawuleza kwisiza, njengoko amacandelo anokukhawuleza kwaye ahlanganiswe ngokulula. Eli xesha lincitshisiweyo lokwakha lingakhokelela ekongiweni kweendleko ezibalulekileyo, kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo kwimeko engqongileyo kunye noluntu ngexesha lesigaba sokwakha.

Enye inzuzo yokwakhiwa kwentsimbi ngamandla ayo kunye nokuqina. Intsimbi sisixhobo esikwaziyo ukumelana neemeko zemozulu ezimandundu, ezifana nemimoya ebhudla ngamandla kunye neenyikima. Oku kwenza kube lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo, ezisengozini kakhulu kwezi ntlobo zengozi. Ukongezelela, insimbi ayinakutsha, enokuphucula ukhuseleko lomlilo jikelele lwesakhiwo.

Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi lukwabonelela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu koyilo. Iiplanga zentsimbi kunye neentsika zinokuguqulwa ngokulula ukuba zifake uluhlu olubanzi lweendlela zokwakha kunye nezakhiwo, okuvumela ukudala izakhiwo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezibonakalayo ezikhangayo eziphakamileyo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukwakhiwa kwentsimbi kuhambelana nokusingqongileyo. Isinyithi sisixhobo esinokuphinda sisetyenziswe, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezenziweyo kunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nenkunkuma yokwakha. Ukongezelela, izakhiwo zentsimbi zinokuyilwa ngendlela eyonga umbane, ezineempawu ezifana nokugquma kunye neefestile ezimenyezwe kabini ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.

Lilonke, izindlu zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo eziphezulu ezidityanisiweyo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kwiindlela zokwakha zesintu, kubandakanya amaxesha okwakha akhawulezayo, ukomelela okuphuculweyo kunye nokuqina, ukuguquguquka okukhulu koyilo, kunye nokuzinza kokusingqongileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, lukhetho olwandisiweyo lolwakhiwo lwezakhiwo zokuhlala eziphakamileyo.

Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwesakhiwo sentsimbi edibeneyo iinkcukacha zezindlu

Izindlu zesakhiwo sentsimbi eziphakamileyo ezidityanisiweyo, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yindlu yesakhiwo sentsimbi esenziwe ngaphambili kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo, imele indlela yolwakhiwo yangoku nesebenzayo ethe yafumana ingqwalasela ebalulekileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezininzi. Nazi ezinye iinkcukacha eziphambili ngolu hlobo lwezindlu:

1. Inkcazo kunye nesishwankathelo

Izindlu zesakhiwo sentsimbi eziphakamileyo ezidityanisiweyo zibhekiselele kulwakhiwo lwezakhiwo ezide zokuhlala apho amacandelo aphambili esakhiwo kunye neenxalenye zenziwa ngaphambili kwiifektri, zithuthelwe kwisiza, emva koko zidityaniswe kusetyenziswa iindlela zoomatshini. Le ndlela yokwenza yohlukile kwiindlela zesiqhelo zokwakha kwisiza, ezifana nekhonkrithi egayiweyo, esebenza kakhulu kwaye idla ixesha.

2. Izinto eziluncedo

a. Isantya soKwakha

INdibano eKhawulezayo: Izixhobo zetsimbi ezenziwe ngaphambili zinokudityaniswa ngokukhawuleza kwisiza, ukunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokwakha. Ngokomzekelo, isakhiwo se-300-square-meter singagqitywa ukusuka kwisiseko ukuya ekupheleni kweentsuku nje ze-30 zokusebenza kunye neqela elincinci labasebenzi.

Umjikelo weProjekthi oMfutshane: Kwiiprojekthi eziphakamileyo, ixesha elincitshisiweyo lokwakha lingakhokelela ekuhlaleni kwangaphambili kunye nokuveliswa kwengeniso kubaphuhlisi.

b. Ukwenziwa koLwakhiwo

Okugqwesileyo kwe-Seismic Resistance: Izakhiwo zentsimbi zine-ductility ephezulu kunye namandla okuchitha amandla, okwenza ukuba zilungele iindawo ezinomsebenzi ophezulu we-seismic.

I-Lightweight: Ubume obulula bentsimbi bunciphisa umthwalo kwiziseko, ezinokuthi zigcine iindleko kwimisebenzi yesiseko.

I-Span enkulu ye-Span: Intsimbi inokuxhasa i-spans enkulu, ivumela izicwangciso zemigangatho eziguquguqukayo kunye neendawo ezivulekileyo.

c. Ubuhlobo bendalo

Ukwakhiwa kokuHlaza: Isinyithi sisixhobo esinokuphinda sisetyenziswe, sinciphisa inkunkuma ngexesha lokwakha kunye nokudilizwa.

Ukuphazamiseka kweSiza okuNcitshisiweyo: Umsebenzi omncinci omanzi kunye nokuphathwa kwempahla encinci kwisiza kunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.

d. Iindleko-Ukusebenza

Iindleko zabasebenzi abaphantsi: Ukudibanisa oomatshini kunciphisa imfuno yabasebenzi abanezakhono kwisiza.

Ubomi obude obude: Ngokugcinwa okufanelekileyo, izakhiwo zetsimbi zingaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100.

e. Uyilo lokuguquguquka

Uyilo lweModyuli: Amalungu alungiselelwe kwangaphambili anokuyilwa ukuba alingane neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeemodyuli, ezivumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu koyilo kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso.

Iinkqubo eziDityanisiweyo: Izakhiwo zetsimbi zinokudityaniswa ngokulula kunye neenkqubo zokwakha eziphambili, ezifana nokugquma, imibhobho yamanzi, kunye nombane, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwesakhiwo ngokubanzi.

3. Inkqubo yokwakha

Uyilo kunye noCwangciso: Inqanaba loyilo libandakanya ukuyila iiplani ezineenkcukacha zesakhiwo, iinkqubo kunye namacandelo.

Ukwakhiwa kwangaphambili: Amalungu entsimbi, anje ngamaplanga, iintsika, noqhagamshelo, ayenziwa kwimizi-mveliso kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezichanekileyo.

Ezothutho: Izinto ezenziweyo zithuthwa zisiwe kwindawo yokwakha.

INdibano: Indibano yendawo ibandakanya ukuphakamisa kunye nokudibanisa amacandelo asele enziwe ngaphambili usebenzisa i-cranes kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa.

Ukugqitywa: Emva kokuhlanganisana, imisebenzi yokugqiba, enjengokugquma, imibhobho yamanzi nokufakelwa kombane iyagqitywa.

4. Imigangatho kunye neMimiselo

E-China, ulwakhiwo oluphezulu oludityanisiweyo lwezindlu zesakhiwo sentsimbi lulawulwa yimigangatho eyahlukeneyo kunye nemimiselo, kubandakanywa "uMgangatho woBuchule weZindlu eziDityanisiweyo zeSteel Structure Housing" (JGJ/T 469-2019), ekhutshwe nguMphathiswa wezeZindlu kunye neDolophu- Uphuhliso lwasemaphandleni. Lo mgangatho ubonelela ngezikhokelo zoyilo, ukwakhiwa, ulawulo lomgangatho, kunye neminye imiba yolwakhiwo lwezindlu zentsimbi.

5. Imizekelo

Iiprojekthi ezininzi eziphakamileyo kwihlabathi jikelele, kubandakanywa ne-China, ziqeshe ngempumelelo izakhiwo zentsimbi ezenziwe ngaphambili. Ngokomzekelo, iprojekthi ye-Shenzhen ekhankanywe kwelinye lamanqaku ereferensi ibonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka kunye neenzuzo zokusebenzisa izakhiwo zetsimbi kwizakhiwo zokuhlala eziphakamileyo.

6. IiNdlela zekamva

Njengoko ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye neendlela zokwakha ziguquka, izindlu zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo eziphakamileyo zilindeleke ukuba zixhaphake ngakumbi. Ukuqhubela phambili kwezixhobo, isoftware yoyilo, kunye nobuchule bokwakha buya kuqhubeka nokuqhuba izinto ezintsha kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezi zakhiwo.

Nantsi imibuzo emihlanu esoloko ibuzwa (FAQ) malunga neZindlu eziDityanisiweyo zoLwakhiwo lweSimbi:

1. Yintoni indlu yesakhiwo sentsimbi edibeneyo ephakamileyo?

Impendulo: Ukuphakama okuphezulu okudityanisiweyo kwesakhiwo sezindlu kubhekiselele kwizakhiwo zokuhlala ezinemigangatho emininzi eyakhiwe kusetyenziswa amacandelo ensimbi asele enziwe ngaphambili. Ezi zixhobo, njengemiqadi yentsimbi, iintsika, kunye neenkqubo zokubambelela, zenziwe kwimizi-mveliso zize zidityaniswe esizeni ukuze zenze isakhiwo esipheleleyo sokwakha. Le ndlela ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kwiindlela zokwakha zesiNtu, kubandakanywa amaxesha okwakhiwa okukhawulezayo, ukuphuculwa kwentembeko yesakhiwo, kunye nokuzinza okungcono kokusingqongileyo.

2.Ziziphi iinqununu eziphambili zesakhiwo sentsimbi esihlangeneyo esiphezulu?

Impendulo: Amacandelo aphambili esakhiwo sentsimbi esihlangeneyo esiphakamileyo sibandakanya:

● Imiqadi yentsimbi kunye neentsika: Ezi zenza ezona zinto ziphambili zokuthwala umthwalo wesakhiwo.

● Iinkqubo zokuqinisa: Ezi zibonelela uzinzo olongezelelweyo kunye nokuxhathisa amandla asecaleni, njengomoya kunye neenyikima.

● Iinkqubo zomgangatho kunye nophahla: Ezi zihambisa imithwalo ngokulinganayo kwisakhiwo kwaye zibonelela ngeqonga elizinzile lokugqitywa kwangaphakathi kunye nabahlali.

● Iinkqubo zeendonga: Ezi zinokwenziwa ngentsimbi, ikhonkrithi, okanye ezinye izinto kwaye zisebenzise iinjongo zesakhiwo kunye nobuhle.

3. Isakhiwo sentsimbi esihlanganisiweyo esiphakamileyo sakhiwe njani?

Impendulo: Inkqubo yokwakha ibandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:

● Uyilo kunye nobunjineli: Izicwangciso ezineenkcukacha kunye neenkcukacha ziphuhlisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo sihlangabezana nazo zonke iikhowudi kunye nemigangatho eyimfuneko.

● I-prefabrication: Izixhobo zentsimbi zenziwe kwiifektri ngokwemigaqo yoyilo.

● Ukulungiswa kwendawo: Isiza sokwakha silungiselelwe ukufika kwamacandelo asele enziwe.

● Ukwakhiwa nokudityaniswa: Amalungu asele enziwe athunyelwa asiwe kwindawo aze adityaniswe kusetyenziswa iikhreyini nezinye izixhobo ezinzima.

● Ukugqitywa kwayo: Kufakelwa iiplani zangaphakathi, oomatshini nezombane nezinye izinto eziluncedo, yaye eso sakhiwo silungiselelwa ukuhlala.

4. Ngaba kukho nayiphi na imingeni ehambelana nomgangatho ophezulu odibeneyo wesakhiwo sezindlu zentsimbi?

● Impendulo: Ngelixa izindlu ezidityanisiweyo eziphezulu zentsimbi zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, kukwakho nemingeni ekufuneka iqwalaselwe:

● Iindleko: Iindleko zokuqala zinokuba phezulu kuneendlela zokwakha eziqhelekileyo ngenxa yesidingo sezixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nomsebenzi.

● Uthutho nolungiselelo: Amacandelo amakhulu asele enziwe kwangaphambili anokuba nzima ukuwahambisa kwaye afune ucwangciso olucokisekileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhanjiswa okukhuselekileyo kwindawo leyo.

● Ukuyila kunye nobunjineli obuyinkimbinkimbi: Izakhiwo zetsimbi eziphakamileyo zifuna ukuyila kobuchule kunye nobuchule bobunjineli ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwesakhiwo kunye nokhuseleko.

5. Ubuchwepheshe be-BIM buxhasa njani ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zentsimbi ezihlangeneyo eziphezulu?

● Impendulo: I-teknoloji ye-Building Information Modeling (BIM) inikezela ngesixhobo esinamandla sokuyila, ukwakhiwa, kunye nokulawulwa kwezindlu eziphezulu ezidibeneyo zentsimbi. I-BIM ivumela ukudalwa kokubonakaliswa kwedijithali kwesakhiwo, esingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iinkqubo zokwakha, ukwandisa izigqibo zoyilo, kunye nokulungelelanisa umsebenzi phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo beeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuphuculweni kobuchule bokwakha, ukunciphisa iimpazamo kunye nokushiywa, kunye neziphumo ezingcono zeprojekthi.